Index
Using the Index
References are to paragraph (¶) numbers, not pages. A reference such as 1220.05 is to ¶ 1220.05 in Chapter 12; a reference to a whole section, such as 1610, covers every subsection of that section. References beginning with a letter (for example D50.01) are to the Appendices. Each reference links to its paragraph.
Headings are arranged word by word. See directs the reader to the heading under which a subject is indexed; See also lists related headings. Cases and statutes are listed with their paragraph references in the Table of Cases and the Table of Statutes and Regulations.
Symbols and Numbers
2013 amendments (LLC Act)
freedom of contract, 1320.03, 1320.09
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.03, 1320.09
A
Accounting records, 1260.05, 1290.02, 1810.04, 1890.07, 1990.05, 2001.04, D30.03
accounts and audit, 1980.02
accounts under section 31A, 1380.04
operating agreements, B10.04, B10.13
Accounts and audit, D30.03
accounting records, 1980.02, 1980.03
audit and compliance declarations, 450.03
demand for financial statements, 1980.04
operating agreements, 1220.01, B10.13
registered auditors, 1260.08
Accrual of cause of action, 350.05
Cook Islands time rules, E30.02
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.07, 1780.08, 2110.04, 530.05, A20.05, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2230.07, 560.03
Orange Grove litigation, 2350.02, 540.05
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.07, 1780.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2101.05, 2110.04, 2120.02, 2120.07, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2190.10, 2350.02, 530.05, A20.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2230.07, 560.03
standard of proof, E30.04
time rules, 2030.04
two-year limitation, 2140.06
Accumulation of income
beneficial interests, 820.05
English law as at 14 January 1840, 250.08
perpetuities, 1040.01, 510.05, 520.04, 610.06, 670.04, 820.05
repeal and savings, 250.08
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 560.02, 820.04, 960.06
saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 560.02, 820.04, 960.06
Section 13F (spendthrift), 840.07, 890.02
Section 672(f), 2930.03, 2930.04
throwback rules, 2930.04
trust deeds, 1120.09
Webb v. Webb, 670.04
Additions to trust property
additions to the trust, 620.06
Advancement. See Indemnification
Advancement of expenses, 520.02, 550.02, 750.01, 1050.01, 1050.05, 1490.08
beneficial interests, 820.06
charitable purposes, 1050.02, 1050.04, 1060.04
charitable trusts, 1060.04, 1060.06
exculpation clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 1930.04
exoneration clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10
AEOI Regulations, 2620.06, 2620.07
Belize, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, 2620.09, 2670.07, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.01, 2760.02, 2760.03, 2760.04, 2760.05, 2760.06, 2760.07, 2760.08, 2760.09, D60.02, E60.02
competent authority, 2610.13, D60.01
duty of care standard, 2760.03
EU and OECD listing, 170.05, 2670.08, 2670.09
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2670.09
International companies, 2620.09
non-resident requirement, 2760.08
Affordable Media. See Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media
Alienation of interests, 801.03
protective trusts, 850.01, 850.05
Section 13F (spendthrift), 840.01, 840.02, 840.03, 840.04, 840.07, 850.05
spendthrift provisions, 2050.02, 840.01, 840.02, 840.03, 840.04, 840.07
Allocations of profits and losses, 1610.02
expulsion of members, 1630.05, 1770.06
operating agreements, 1390.06, B20.06
profits and losses, 1370.03
Alter ego trusts, 3010.06
Amendments to the International Trusts Act, 2201.02
charitable purposes, 1020.02
conditions on suit, 2210.04, 2210.07
international trusts amendment act 1989, 530.01
international trusts amendment act 1999, 560.01
Orange Grove litigation, 2210.06, 540.01
purpose trusts, 1020.02
scope of the 1995–96 act, 550.01
secrecy offence (section 23), 560.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2210.07
Anderson. See Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media
Anderson case
civil contempt, 2530.01
contempt of court, 2530.01, 2530.02
co-trustees, 780.05
Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 360.04, 980.02
trust companies, 780.05
Annual compliance filings
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.04, D60.02
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.01, 2940.03, 2940.07
foundation rules, C20.16
Registrar's forms (foundations), 1870.08, C40.01
Section 16 (deregistration), D40.01, D40.06
Anti-money laundering, 2810, 2820, 2830, 2840, 2850, 2860, 2880, 2890
APG and mutual evaluations, 480.05, 480.06
APG mutual evaluation, 480.06
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.02
EU and OECD listing, 480.05
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.01, 480.02, 480.03, 480.04, 480.07, 480.08
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 410.05
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.02
Nevis, 2880.05
suspicious transaction reports, 480.01, 480.02, 480.03, 480.04, 480.07, 480.08
APG and mutual evaluations, 170.01, 180.01
APG mutual evaluation, 170.03, 480.06
duty of care standard, 2840.10, 940.06
EU and OECD listing, 2740.04, 480.05, 480.06
FATF list, 2000–2005, 170.02
Appeals, 330.01, 330.04, 340.01, 1240.08, 1870.04
Belize, E10.02
cases in which an lies, 340.03
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06, 310.08
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01, 360.07
contempt of court, 2480.04
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 360.05
enforcement of judgments, 2480.05
exclusive remedy, 2240.08
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2480.06, 330.05, 330.08
Nevis, E10.02
Orange Grove litigation, 2480.08, 330.06
Privy Council, 270.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2240.08
stay pending, 2480.07
Appeals as of right
Belize, E10.02
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2480.06, 330.05, 330.08
Nevis, E10.02
video-link hearings, 330.08
Appeals to the Privy Council, 180.01, 301.03, 390.08, E10.01
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06, 310.08
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01, 360.07
Orange Grove litigation, 2350.02, 2480.08, 540.05
Privy Council (Judicial committee) act 1984, 340.02
Arbitral awards, 2301.05
Arbitration Act 2009, 2310.06, 2370.01, 2370.02, 2370.04, 2370.05, 2370.06, 2370.07, 2370.08
Belize, 2390.03
criminal confiscation, 2370.09
duress clauses, 2540.01, 980.03
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 2460.05, 360.05
firewall provisions, 2301.02, 2310.08, 2330.08, 2370.03, 2390.03, 2390.04, 370.02
Lawrence decision, 2540.01, 980.03
operating agreements, 1310.05, 1310.06
privacy, 2370.05
Proceeds of Crime Act, 2370.09
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2370.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2130.04, 2350.05, 2460.05, 550.04
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2310.08, 2330.08, 2370.03, 370.02
Section 13H (limits on relief), 2370.04
standard of proof, 2130.04
Arbitration Act 2009, 2301.05
arbitral awards, 2301.02, 2310.06, 2350.05, 2370.01, 2370.02, 2370.04, 2370.05, 2370.06, 2370.07, 2370.08, 2390.03
criminal confiscation, 2370.09
firewall provisions, 2301.02, 2310.08, 2330.08, 2370.03, 2390.03, 2390.04, 370.02
privacy, 2370.05
Proceeds of Crime Act, 2370.09
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.08, 2370.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2350.05, 2460.05
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2310.08, 2330.08, 2370.03, 370.02
Section 13H (limits on relief), 2370.04
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01, 360.07
migration to the Cook Islands, 2470.02
Orange Grove litigation, 540.05, 550.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2470.02
Assent to Acts, 120.05, 1810.03, 2001.04, E60.01
commencement, 130.03
existing laws, 130.01, 130.02, 130.04, 130.06, 130.07, 220.05
extraterritorial reach, 130.01, 130.02, 130.03, 130.04, 130.05, 130.06, 130.07
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.10
New Zealand legislation, 130.05
accrual of cause of action, E30.02
Belize, E50.03
best interests in an structure, 1440.05
bond and the threshold, E30.03
civil contempt, 2520.05
fraudulent dispositions, E30.04
impossibility defense, 2520.05
Nevis, E50.03
purpose trusts, 1080.03
standard of proof, E30.04
See also Charging orders; Firewall provisions; Fraudulent dispositions
Assignment of interests, 1610.02, 1610.09, 1690.08, B30.15
assignee's position, 1610.04
assignor ceases to be a member, 1610.03
charging orders, 1610.10
company with no members, 1610.06
exclusive remedy, 1540.04, 2240.10
expulsion of members, 1770.01, 1770.02, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.05, 1770.06, 1770.07, B20.08
general assignees, 1520.04
general assignment, 1510.04
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1610.10
mergers and consolidations, 1670.04
operating agreements, 1760.01, B10.12, B20.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
restrictions on assignment, 1610.07
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2240.10
single-member LLCs, B10.12
trust-owned LLCs, 3030.05
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2290.01, 2410.09, 2420.03
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 270.04, 270.06, 360.07
hearings in camera, 2450.02, 2450.03, 2450.05, 2450.06
law reports, 2401.04, 2460.02, 270.04, 270.06, 360.07
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.01, 2490.02
privacy, 2260.04, 2260.05, 2260.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06, 2450.03, 2460.02, 320.08, 560.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2101.03, 2130.04, 2260.05, 350.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.03, 2220.01, 2490.01, 2490.02, 350.08
B
Bankruptcy, 370.05, 530.04, 870.03, 1510.06, 2560.01
arbitral awards, 2370.07
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.07
charging orders, 1570.01, 1570.03, 1570.05, 1620.07
defaults on and death, E40.02
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.02
foreign receivers, 2250.05
foreign trustees, 2250.05
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1620.07
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04, 2250.06, 2250.07, 2250.08, 2250.09
reserved powers, 950.05
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2160.06, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.06, 2250.07, 2250.09
Section 13C (reserved powers), 950.05
Section 548(e), 2560.03
self-settled trusts, 960.02
settlor as beneficiary, 960.02
single-member LLCs, 1390.02, 1570.01, 1570.02, 1570.03, 1570.04, 1570.05, 1570.06, 1570.07, 1570.08, 1570.09
trustee in the Cook Islands, 2560.08
winding up, 2030.01, 2250.03, 2250.04
See also Cross-border insolvency
Bankruptcy estate
charging orders, 1570.03
property of the estate, 2560.02
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.07, 2250.09
self-settled trusts, 960.04, 960.07
settlor as beneficiary, 960.04, 960.07
Bankruptcy of a member, 1510.06, 1520.01
charging orders, 1570.01, 1610.10, 1620.07, E40.04
Bankruptcy of beneficiary
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.09
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2250.09
Belize, 1020.08, 1160.09, 1580.03, 1890.06, 2280.03, 2390.02, 2550.04, 2580.03, 2690.02, E01.04, E20.04, E30.04, E50.03, E70.03
appeals as of right, E10.02
appeals to the Privy Council, 160.03
applications for directions, 2580.03
arbitral awards, 2390.03
Arbitration Act 2009, E10.02
beneficial ownership registers, E50.03
change of governing law, E20.04
charging orders, E40.04
Common Reporting Standard, E60.02
Cook Islands Act 1915, E40.04
firewall provisions, 2390.02, 2390.03
Foundations, 1890.05
Foundations Amendment Act 2013, E01.04
fraudulent dispositions, 160.03, 2180.03, E30.04
Income Tax Act 1997, E60.02
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2280.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2180.03
Section 16 (deregistration), 1160.09
Beneficial interests
accumulation of income, 820.05
advancement of expenses, 820.06
contingent and defeasible interests, 820.02
discretionary objects, 820.03
fixed interest trusts, 820.01
perpetuities, 820.05
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 820.04
saunders v. Vautier rule, 820.04
Beneficial ownership, 1380.03, 2060.04, 2801.05, 2850.05, 2850.08, E60.01
additional requirements for trusts and foundations, 2850.04
applying the rules to each vehicle, 2850.06
bearer shares, 2850.07
Belize, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, E60.02
EU and OECD listing, 2850.09
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.04
Global Forum peer reviews, 2850.09
legal arrangements, 2850.03
legal personality, 2850.01, 2850.02
Nevis, 2850.10
nominees and bearer shares, 2850.07
suspicious transaction reports, 480.04
See also Customer due diligence
Beneficial ownership registers, 470.08, 2090.06, 2801.05, 2850.08
EU and OECD listing, 170.05, 2670.05, 2740.03, 2850.09
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.05, 2740.03, 2850.09
Beneficiaries' information rights, 1490.08, 1990.05, 2090.01
founder's rights, 1990.04, 2010.02
Beyond reasonable doubt standard
conditions on suit, 2210.07, 2210.09
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.07, 2110.05, 2180.03, 530.05, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2130.05, 2140.08, 2230.03, 2410.05, 2440.01
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.07
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2110.05, 2120.02, 2150.06, 2210.07, 2460.05, 350.08, 530.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2130.05, 2140.08, 2210.09, 2230.03, 2230.04, 2410.05, 2430.03, 2440.01, 2490.01, 350.08
Bona fide purchasers, 2160.02
exclusive remedy, 2240.07, 2240.10
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2160.08, 2240.07, 2240.10, 530.05
Breach of trust, 260.02, 780.08, 1490.08
duty of care standard, 1320.05, 1450.07
exoneration clauses, 1480.02, 770.01, 770.03, 770.05, 770.06, 770.07, 770.10
Business entity versus trust, 570.02, 1610.09, 2901.03
civil-law foundations, 2960.02
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.01, 2960.06
foundation classification abroad, 1890.03, 2960.01, 2960.02, 2960.03, 2960.04, 2960.06, 2960.07
foundation trading bar, 2960.03
founder's rights, 2960.05
grantor trusts, 2960.05
Business succession, 750.11, 1890.01, 1920.07
family purpose trusts, 1080.02
private trust companies, 1080.02
C
Cabinet and Executive Council, 520.09, 530.08
AEOI Regulations, 2710.03, 2760.01
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06, 310.04
Common Reporting Standard, 2710.03, 2760.01
Executive Council, 120.03
California
discovery in U.S. litigation, 1380.06
fraud on a power, 1380.06
freezing orders, 2430.07
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.09
Capacity, 490.03, 630, 630.01, 630.04, 630.05, 1330.08, 1820.06, 1920.08
Cook Islands law governs, 630.02
corporate settlors, 630.03
foundation capital, 1860.08
Section 13H (limits on relief), 630.06
to act, 460.01
Capital accounts, 1590.02, B40.08
charging orders, 1590.06, 1590.07
Capital calls, 1590.03
charging orders, 1560.04, 1560.09, 1590.06, 1590.07
limitations on distributions, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09
Capital contributions, 1370.04, B40.02
allocations of profits and losses, 1370.03
capital calls, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09, 1590.03
charging orders, 1320.10, 1370.10
distributions in kind, 1370.05
forms of contribution, 1370.01
liability for contributions, 1370.02
liability for the return of contributions, 1370.08
limit on distributions, 1370.07
limitations on distributions, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.10
member as creditor, 1370.06
resignation and the resigning member's interest, 1370.09
Change of governing law, 660.08, A20.14
Belize, E20.04
duress clauses, 970.03, E20.04
Section 13G (governing law), 1140.01, 1140.02, 1140.03, 1140.04, 1140.05, 1140.06, 1140.07, 1140.08, 1140.09, 1140.10, 1140.11, 970.03, A10.14
See also Migration of trusts
Change of service provider, 1270.01
enforcers, 1940.05, 1990.04, C20.07
Charging orders, 1510.03, 1530.01, 1530.02, 1530.05, 1530.07, 1550.01, 1590.07, 1620.08, 1710.03, E40.01
bankruptcy estate, 1570.03
bankruptcy of a member, 1570.01, 1620.07
capital calls, 1560.04, 1560.09
contempt of court, 2530.02
Cook Islands Act 1915, E40.04
distributions under an interim order, 1530.06
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.02
excluded damages, 1530.03
exclusive remedy, 1540.02, 1540.09
expulsion of members, 1770.03
firewall provisions, 2380.02, 2380.03
Florida, 1280.10, 1580.05, 2570.04
forum's own charging-order statute, 1730.03
freedom of contract, 1320.10
interest and costs, 1530.04
limitations on distributions, 1560.04, 1560.09
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1510.08, 1520.03, 1580.12, 1590.06, 1610.10, 1620.07, 1720.01, 1870.10, 2440.04, 2440.05, B10.10, B30.13, E40.04
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.10
LLC statutes, 160.04
membership interests, 1330.07
migration to the Cook Islands, 2440.01
Minnesota, 1580.08
operating agreements, 1510.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1750.05, 1770.03
protectors, 2530.02
redemption of interests, 1530.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2440.01
single-member LLCs, 1390.02, 1540.09, 1570.01, 1570.03, 1570.05, 1580.05, B10.10
tax payments on behalf of members, 1370.10
Texas, 1710.06
transfer of domicile, 1280.10
See also Exclusive remedy
Charitable purposes, 1001.04, 1050.01, 1050.05, 3010.02
advancement of expenses, 1050.02, 1060.04
charitable trusts, 1050.07, 1060.01, 1060.03, 1060.04, 1060.06
cy-près doctrine, 1060.06
enforcers, 1020.08, 1090.05, 3050.06
mixed purpose and person trusts, 1020.07
Nevis, 1020.06
non-resident requirement, 1020.03
perpetuities, 1020.02
public-benefit requirement relaxed, 1050.04
purpose trusts, 1001.03, 1010.01, 1010.02, 1010.03, 1020.01, 1020.02, 1020.03, 1020.04, 1020.05, 1020.06, 1020.07, 1020.08, 1040.03, 1080.04, 1080.06, 3050.06, 520.07
Charitable trusts, 1040, 1050, 1060
advancement of expenses, 1060.04
charitable purposes, 1050.07, 1060.03, 1060.04, 1060.06
cy-près doctrine, 1060.06
domestic charities, 1060.01
enforcers, C20.04
foundation rules, C20.04
incorporated societies, 1060.05
international trusts for Cook Islands purposes, 1060.07
no charities statute, 1060.02
Charter (foundation). See Foundation instrument
Check-the-box regulations. See Entity classification (U.S.)
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 310.04, 320.02
appeals to the Privy Council, 310.08
Court of Appeal, 150.06
Choice of law. See Governing law
Civil contempt, 2180.05, 2501.02, 2540.03
Anderson case, 2530.01, 780.05
contempt of court, 2520.01, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08, 2530.01, 2530.02, 2560.04, 980.04, 980.06
criminal contempt, 2520.01
duress clauses, 2540.01, 980.01, 980.04, 980.06
impossibility defense, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08
Civil-law foundations, 1810.01
business entity versus trust, 2960.02
foundation classification abroad, 2960.02
foundation rules, 1850.10
Liechtenstein, 1850.10, 2020.12
personal-relationship claims, 2020.12
Classes and series
classes of members, 1330.06
cross-references across the series, 190.03
expulsion of members, 1770.01, 1770.02, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.05, 1770.06, 1770.07
operating agreements, 1760.07
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
protectors, 1760.07
Code of Civil Procedure, 380.02, 2401.02
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2401.03, 2480.06, 2490.01
Commencement, 350.02, 530.02, 550.11, 1810.04
Assent to Acts, 130.02
existing laws, 130.01, 130.03, 130.04, 130.06, 130.07
extraterritorial reach, 130.01, 130.02, 130.03, 130.04, 130.05, 130.06, 130.07
New Zealand legislation, 130.05
repeal and savings, 250.04, 2640.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 590.02
transitional and application provisions, 550.10
Commission (FSC). See Financial Supervisory Commission
Common law and equity
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 270.04
Common Reporting Standard, 2770.03
common-law action on a judgment, 2310.04, 2320.01, 2320.02, 2320.03, 2320.04, 2320.05, 2320.06, 2320.08, 2320.09
controlling persons, 2770.03
English law as at 14 January 1840, 250.07
equity and the case law, 730.02
firewall provisions, 2320.07
Illinois, 2180.06
Jersey, 1810.02
law reports, 270.04
repeal and savings, 250.07
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2320.07
self-settled trusts, 2180.06
Webb v. Webb, 2320.06
Common Reporting Standard
AEOI Regulations, 2620.09, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.01, 2760.02, 2760.03, 2760.04, 2760.05, 2760.06, 2760.07, 2760.08, 2760.09
Belize, E60.02
competent authority, D60.01, D60.02, D60.03, D60.04
controlling persons, 2770.03
duty of care standard, 2760.03
EU and OECD listing, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2670.09
FATCA, 2701.03, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.03, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06, D60.01, D60.02, D60.03, D60.04
Global Forum peer reviews, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2670.09
Income Tax Act 1997, E60.02
International companies, 2620.09
non-resident requirement, 2760.08
passive NFFEs and NFEs, 2770.05
See also FATCA
Common-law action on a judgment, 2320.08, 2320.09
basis of the action, 2320.01
common-law action, 2310.04
defences at common law, 2320.05
firewall provisions, 2310.08, 2320.07, 2340.02
international jurisdiction, 2320.02
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2310.08, 2320.07, 2340.02, 2360.06
settlor as defendant, 2320.03
trustee as defendant, 2320.04
Webb v. Webb, 2320.06
Community property. See Matrimonial claims
Conditions on suit, 2201.02, 2201.04, 2210.01, 2210.08, 2290.05, 2290.06
1984 act, 2210.03
1989 act, 2210.04
1991 act, 2210.05
gatekeeping design, 2210.02
migration to the Cook Islands, 2210.09
Orange Grove litigation, 2210.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2210.07
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2210.09
Confidentiality, 1270.01, 1270.02, 1270.05, 170.06, 2780.07, 2780.08, 2870.01, 2870.02, A20.18
2004 substitution, 2780.02
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2450.06, 2460.02
beneficiaries' information rights, 1970.01
commission's override, 2780.04
commission's power prevails over statutory secrecy, 420.06
competent authority, 2710.05
confidential proceedings, 1490.04
crown guarantee, 1270.07
directors and officers, 2870.03
disclosure offence, 1270.04
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2780.06
foundation rules, C20.12
hearings in camera, 2450.01, 2450.02, 2450.03, 2450.04, 2450.05, 2450.06
Income Tax Act 1997, 2780.03
information received from abroad, 2780.05
information to foreign authorities, 2870.08
New York, 1270.06
onboarding, 2890.03
operating agreements, B10.13
primacy over secrecy, 2870.05
proceedings in camera, 1270.03, 1380.08, 2450.04, 2450.05
public file, 1970.01, 1970.02, 1970.03, 1970.04, 1970.05, 1970.06, 1970.07, 1970.08
secrecy of the Registrar's officers, 1230.03
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06, 2450.03, 2460.02, 2940.09, 320.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 350.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 350.08
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.09
single-member LLCs, B10.13
standard of proof, 2130.06
within the Commission, 420.07
Conflicts of interest
operating agreements, 1460.06, B10.08
related-party transactions, 1470.01, 1470.02, 1470.03, 1470.04, 1470.05, 1470.06
trustee remuneration, 1470.03
Consent of beneficiaries, 1110.04
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 960.06
Consent powers
Court test and control test, 2910.04, 2910.05
enforcers, 1940.05
operating agreements, 1310.09, 1390.04, 1760.05, B10.07, B10.08
Consolidation of legislation
International companies, 1670.02
mergers and consolidations, 1670.01, 1670.02, 1670.03, 1670.04, 1670.05, 1670.06, 1670.07, 1670.08, 290.01
Nevis, 1670.05
no consolidated text, 2201.03
Constitution Amendment Acts, 530.02, 530.09
Cook Islands Act 1915, 240.05, 240.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 330.05, 330.08
New Zealand legislation, 220.06, 240.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2110.04, 2140.06, 590.02
Section 13F (spendthrift), 840.01, 840.02
Constitution of the Cook Islands, 301.03
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.07
Constitution of trusts
trust deeds, 640.03
Constructive trusts, 520.02, 780.08, 1490.05, 2201.02
exclusive remedy, 2030.07, 2160.03, 2240.01, 2240.03
firewall provisions, 2340.03, 2340.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2160.03, 2240.03, 260.04, 350.06, 550.04
Contempt of court, 2480.04
Anderson case, 2530.01
Belize, 2580.03
civil contempt, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08, 2530.01, 2530.02
criminal contempt, 2520.01
duress clauses, 980.01, 980.03, 980.04, 980.05, 980.06
Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 980.02
federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 980.02
impossibility defense, 2520.01, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08, 980.05
Lawrence decision, 980.03
protectors, 2530.02, 980.01, 980.06
repatriation orders, 2560.04
See also Repatriation orders
Contingent creditors, 1520.05
Continuance. See Transfer of domicile
Controlling persons, 2780.08
AEOI Regulations, 2760.03, 2760.05, 2760.07
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.05, 2760.07, 2770.03, 2770.04, 2770.05, D60.02
Conversion
International companies, 1680.09
Nevis, 1680.04, 1680.07, 1680.10
transfer of domicile, 1680.01, 1680.02, 1680.03, 1680.04, 1680.05, 1680.06, 1680.07, 1680.08, 1680.09, 1680.10, 1680.11
Cook Islands Act 1915, 110.06, 210.04, 240.01, 240.02, 240.04, 290.05
charging orders, 1280.10, E40.04
decided cases, 210.05
English law as at 14 January 1840, 250.01, 250.04
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), E40.04
New Zealand judgments, 240.08
New Zealand legislation, 220.06, 240.05, 240.06, 240.07
parts still in force, 240.03
relationship property, 240.07
repeal and savings, 250.01, 250.04
statutory instruments and regulations, 230.05
Co-trustees, 710.04, 1360.01, 1360.02, 1360.06
amendments to the articles, 1360.04
Anderson case, 2530.01, 780.05
deadlock, 1360.07
duty of impartiality, 740.08
duty of loyalty, 740.08
retirement under the Trustee Act, 790.03
trust companies, 780.05
Trustee Companies Act 2014, 710.10
written consents, 1360.05
written instrument requirement, 1360.03
Council composition, 1880.11, 1920.08, 2080.01, 2090.06
enforcers, 1990.04, 3040.07, C20.06, C20.14
foundation rules, C20.06, C20.14, C20.18
founder's rights, 1990.04
no residence requirement for council members, 1910.07
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.04
personal liability of council members, 1880.15, 1930.07, 2050.06
Council (foundation), 1820.06, 1880.11, 1890.07, 1901.02, 1910.02, 1910.09, 1920.01, 1920.02, 1920.04, 1920.07, 1920.08, 1990.02, 2090.01, 2090.06, C40.03
approval by persons outside the council, 1920.06
Belize, E50.03
charitable trusts, C20.04
conflicts of interest, 1920.09
consent powers, 1940.05
corporate and individual members, 1910.04
council as a mandatory organ, 1910.01
council composition, 1880.15, 1910.07, 2050.06, 2970.04, C20.06
council's duties run to the foundation, 1820.10
decisions of the council, 1920.05
duty of care standard, 1920.03
economic substance, 2670.10
enforcers, 1070.06, 1850.12, 1940.02, 1940.03, 1940.05, 1940.06, 1940.08, 1990.04, 2010.04, 2060.05, 2090.04, 3040.07, C20.07, C20.09, C20.14, C40.04
EU and OECD listing, 2670.03
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.06, 3040.07
foundation rules, 1850.03, 1850.12, 3080.05, C20.03, C20.04, C20.06, C20.07, C20.08, C20.09, C20.10, C20.13, C20.14, C20.16, C20.17, C20.18, C20.20
foundation trading bar, 1820.07, C20.11
founder's rights, 1860.09, 1990.04
Global Forum peer reviews, 2670.03, 2670.10
letters of wishes, C40.02
Nevis, E50.03
personal liability of council members, 1880.15, 1930.07, 2050.06
registered agent on the council, 1910.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 1910.05
settlor reserved powers, 2060.05
size of the council, 1910.03
succession vehicles, 2010.04, 2010.07
Council members' duties, 1910.09, 1920.01, 1920.02, 1920.04, 1920.08
Court of Appeal of the Cook Islands, 330, 330.01, 330.04
appeals as of right, 2480.06, 330.05
Chief Justice, 150.06
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06
finality of Court of Appeal decisions, 330.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2480.06, 330.05, 330.08
meetings of members, 330.03
Orange Grove litigation, 330.06
video-link hearings, 330.08
See also Appeals as of right
Court test and control test
duress clauses, 2910.03
flight clauses, 2910.03
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2910.01, 2910.02, 2910.04, 2910.05, 2910.06, 2910.07
protectors, 2910.05
Cross-border insolvency, 1201.04
charging orders, 1320.10, 1330.07
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.08, 2370.06
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2250.08
CRS. See Common Reporting Standard
Custom and customary law, 201.05, 320.02
Article 66A, 280.02
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.03, 240.05, 240.07
custom in the hierarchy, 280.03
Land in the Cook Islands, 280.01
value added tax, 2660.06
Webb v. Webb, 280.04
Customer due diligence
AEOI Regulations, 2760.03
duty of care standard, 2760.03, 2840.01, 2840.02, 2840.03, 2840.04, 2840.05, 2840.06, 2840.07, 2840.08, 2840.09, 2840.10, 2840.11, 2840.12, 2840.13, 450.05, 620.05, 940.06, D50.01, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04, D50.05
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04
introducers and reliance, 2840.13
politically exposed persons, 2840.11
protectors, 940.06
simplified due diligence, 2840.07
Trustee Companies Act 2014, 620.05
See also Beneficial ownership
D
Deadlock, 1640.06, 1690.08, 1990.02
co-trustees, 1360.07
Form 2, B30.23
Death of a member, 520.02, 1330.08, 1510.05
purpose trusts, 1020.02, 520.07
settlor reserved powers, 1170.04, 670.02
Delaware
foreclosure of interests, 1580.04
operating agreements, 1460.04
self-dealing rule, 1460.04
trustee indemnity, 1580.04
Deregistration. See Section 16 (deregistration)
Directed trusts, 750.11
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.01, 1390.04, 1390.08
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.04, 1340.08
member-managed LLCs, 1340.04, 1340.08
Directors and officers of licensees, 190.06, 490.08
duty of care standard, 2810.05, 2840.05, D50.02
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.02, 2830.03, 420.03, 440.01
Disclaimer, 720.01
Disclosure, 1270.04, 2460.01, 2460.03, 2460.06
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2460.02
by non-parties, 2460.07
duty of care standard, 940.06
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 2460.05, 360.05
evidence for and from foreign courts, 2460.08
hearings in camera, 2450.03
LLCs and foundations, 2460.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2230.08
privacy, 2260.05, 760.06, 760.08
protectors, 940.06
public file, 1970.02
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06, 2450.03, 2460.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2260.05, 2460.05, 350.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2230.08, 350.08
Section 20 (protectors), 420.05
standard of proof, 2130.06
Discovery in U.S. litigation, 390.08, 2490.03, 2510.02, 2780.08
charging orders, 1530.06, 2440.04, E40.04
exclusive remedy, 1540.07, 1540.08
foreign subpoenas and requests for evidence, 370.07
privacy, 2260.03, 2260.06, 760.07, 760.10
Texas, 760.10
Discretionary trusts, 830, 830.01, 830.02, 880.03, A10.06
letters of wishes, 830.04
Section 19 duties and exoneration, 830.03
self-settled trusts, 960.05
settlor as beneficiary, 960.05
settlor as discretionary object, 830.05
Dissolution, 1330.08, 1601.03, 1620.02, 1620.04, 1640.01, 1640.04, 1640.06, 1880.03, 1880.11, B30.17
agreement of all members and managers, 1640.02
bankruptcy of a member, 1620.07
cancellation of an inbound registration, 1880.06
changes of trustee, 1620.06
charging orders, 1620.07, 1620.08
conflicts of interest, 1470.06
council composition, 1880.15
deadlock, 1360.07, 1650.09, B20.09, B30.23
declaration of compliance, 1880.04
drafting slips, 1880.17
effect of inbound registration, 1880.05
effect of transfer, 1880.09
entity members, 1620.05
foundation rules, C20.18
High Court's supervisory powers, 1880.16
International companies, 1660.08
involuntary and the agent, 1260.09
Nevis, 1650.08
operating agreements, B20.09
personal liability of council members, 1880.15, 1930.07
proceedings in camera, 1880.13
related-party transactions, 1470.06
single-member LLCs, 1570.02, 1570.07, B10.14
statement of intent to dissolve, 1640.05
suspension of LLCs, 1250.07, 1650.01, 1650.02, 1650.03, 1650.04, 1650.05, 1650.06, 1650.07, 1650.08, 1650.09
vested and contingent interests, 1170.07
winding up, 1170.07, 1640.07, 1640.08, 1650.01, 1650.07, 1660.01, 1660.02, 1660.03, 1660.04, 1660.05, 1660.06, 1660.07, 1660.08, 1660.09, 1690.07, 1880.12, 1880.13, 1930.07, 2050.04, 2080.08, 440.10, B10.14, C20.18
Distribution powers, 1170.01
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 820.04
Distributions, 1370.04, 1370.05, 1370.07, 1440.07, 1590.02, 1880.14, 2850.05, 780.06, B30.12
allocations of profits and losses, 1370.03
capital calls, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09
charging orders, 1370.10, 1530.02, 1530.06, 1590.06, 1590.07
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.06
expulsion of members, 1630.08, 1630.09, 1770.01, 1770.02, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.05, 1770.06, 1770.07
foreign grantor trusts, 2930.02
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.10
forms of contribution, 1370.01
foundation rules, 3080.03, C20.10
grantor trusts, 2930.02
International companies, 1660.08
liability for contributions, 1370.02
liability for the return of contributions, 1370.08
limitations on distributions, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1590.06
member as creditor, 1370.06
onboarding, 2890.04
operating agreements, 1390.06, 3080.03, B10.09, B20.06
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
protectors, 2550.05
redemption of interests, 1630.08, 1630.09
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 820.04
saunders v. Vautier rule, 820.04
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.10
Section 672(f), 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
self-settled trusts, 960.07
settlor as beneficiary, 960.07
single-member LLCs, B10.09
throwback rules, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
trust-owned LLCs, 3030.06
winding up, 1660.01, 1660.02, 1660.03, 1660.04, 1660.05, 1660.06, 1660.07, 1660.08, 1660.09, 2050.05
Distributions to U.S. beneficiaries
foreign grantor trusts, 2930.02
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.04, 2990.01
grantor trusts, 2930.02
Section 672(f), 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
throwback rules, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
Divorce. See Matrimonial claims
Drafting the operating agreement
operating agreements, 1390.01, 1390.02, 1390.03, 1390.04, 1390.05, 1390.06, 1390.07, 1390.08
protectors, 1390.05, 1390.08, 901.04
single-member LLCs, 1390.02
Duress clauses, 780.03, 970.01, 970.06, A20.13
Belize, E20.04
change of governing law, 970.03, E20.04
contempt of court, 980.01, 980.03, 980.04, 980.05, 980.06
Court test and control test, 2910.03
duress events, 2590.06, 3070.05, 970.05, 990.02, A10.13
Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 980.02
federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 980.02
flight clauses, 2910.03
impossibility defense, 980.05
Lawrence decision, 2540.01, 980.03
no statutory duress provision, 970.02
protectors, 2550.02, 2590.06, 3070.05, 970.07, 980.01, 980.06, 990.02, 990.03, A10.13
Section 13G (governing law), 970.03, 970.04
See also Contempt of court
Duress events, 910.05, 2590.07, 3090.06
contempt of court, 2530.01, 980.05, 980.06
duress clauses, 2540.01, 2590.06, 3070.05, 970.01, 970.04, 970.05, 980.01, 980.03, 980.06, 990.02, 990.03, A10.13
Lawrence decision, 2540.01, 980.03
protectors, 1290.03, 2550.03, 2550.07, 2590.06, 3070.05, 940.01, 940.07, 980.01, 990.02, 990.03, A10.02, A10.11, A10.13
Duty of care standard, 1290.01, 1450.05, 1450.06, 2801.06, 2840.01, 2840.02, 2840.06, 2840.10, 401.03, 580.02, 720.01, D50.01
AEOI Regulations, 2760.03
business judgment rule, 1450.04
certified copies, 2840.05
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.03, D60.02
co-trustees, 740.08
delayed verification, 2840.08
during the life of the structure, D50.05
duty of impartiality, 740.01, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.07, 740.08, 740.09
duty of loyalty, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.09
enhanced due diligence, 2840.09
exercise of discretion, 740.07
exoneration clauses, 1480.02, 770.04
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04
freedom of contract, 1320.05
identification information, 2840.04
introducers and reliance, 2840.13
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.05, 1320.10
ongoing due diligence and existing customers, 2840.12
operating agreements, 1450.07
politically exposed persons, 2840.11
professional manager, 1450.02
protectors, 940.06
safe harbour, 1450.03
settlor due diligence, 450.05
simplified due diligence, 2840.07
source of wealth, 2840.11
standard due diligence, 2840.03
standard of care, 1920.03
Trustee Companies Act 2014, 620.05
trustees' duties, 1450.01, 740.01
Webb v. Webb, 740.05
Duty of impartiality, 780.06
co-trustees, 740.08
duty of care standard, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.09
duty of loyalty, 740.01, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.07, 740.08, 740.09
exercise of discretion, 740.07
trustees' duties, 740.01
Webb v. Webb, 740.05
Duty of loyalty, 1430.05, 1430.06
corporate opportunities, 1430.04
co-trustees, 740.08
duty of care standard, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.09
duty of impartiality, 740.01, 740.02, 740.03, 740.04, 740.06, 740.07, 740.08, 740.09
exercise of discretion, 740.07
good faith as loyalty, 1440.02
no-conflict rule, 1430.02
no-profit rule, 1430.03
operating agreements, 1410.05, 1460.03, 1460.04, 1460.07, 3080.04
source of the duty, 1430.01
trustees' duties, 740.01
Webb v. Webb, 740.05
E
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 2460.06
beyond reasonable doubt standard, 2130.01, 2230.04
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 270.04, 360.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2480.06, 2490.01
Orange Grove litigation, 380.04, 550.04
privacy, 2260.04, 2260.05, 2260.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06, 2460.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2101.03, 2130.04, 2150.03, 2260.05, 2350.05, 2460.05, 350.08, 360.05, 550.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.03, 2430.03, 2490.01, 2490.02, 350.08
security for costs, 2260.04, 2260.06, 2470.04
standard of proof, 2130.01, 2130.04, 2130.06, 2230.04
Webb v. Webb, 360.05
Economic and governance rights, 1440.06, 1601.03, 1610.02, 1690.08
charging orders, 1530.01, 1570.03, 1610.10
expulsion of members, 1630.02, 1630.03
life insurance and trusts, 1610.05
Enforcers, 1030, 1030.01, 1030.03, 1030.05, 1030.08, 1090.05, 1940, 1940.02, 1940.03, 1940.06, 1940.07, 1940.08, 2090.04, C40.04
charitable purposes, 1020.08
consent powers, 1940.05
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.07
foundation rules, 1850.06, 1850.12, C20.04, C20.06, C20.07, C20.09, C20.14, C20.18
founder's reserved rights, 1990.04
founder's rights, 1990.04, C20.09
optional office, 1940.01
power to require an account, 1940.04
protectors, 1030.04
purpose clause, 1090.02
purpose trusts, 1020.08, 1070.06, 1070.08, 3050.06
resignation, removal and vacancy, 1030.02
revocable trusts, 2060.05
secrecy offence (section 23), 1030.06
settlor reserved powers, 2060.05
trustee remuneration, 1030.09
vacancy and the attorney-general, 1030.07
English law as at 14 January 1840, 201.04, 201.05, 210.04
accumulation of income, 250.08
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 250.06
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.02, 240.07
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.01, 2110.01, 2240.04
repeal and savings, 250.01, 250.02, 250.03, 250.04, 250.05, 250.06, 250.07, 250.08
Section 615 repeal and restoration, 250.04
Entity classification (U.S.), 1740.01, 1740.04, 1740.07, 1740.08
business entity versus trust, 2960.06
classification decides the returns, 2950.01
default classification, 1740.03
Form 8832, 1740.09
foundation classification abroad, 2960.06
multi-member LLC, 1740.06
per se corporations, 1740.02
single-member LLCs, 1740.05
Texas, 1740.09
Entrenched provisions
operating agreements, B20.02, B20.03, B20.04, B20.05, B20.06, B20.08, B20.09, B20.10
Estate inclusion
expatriation, 2980.01, 2980.04, 2980.05, 2980.06, 2980.07, 2980.08
trustee indemnity, 2980.05
EU and OECD listing
AEOI Regulations, 2670.08
APG and mutual evaluations, 480.05, 480.06
APG mutual evaluation, 480.06
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2670.09
economic substance, 2670.10
EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, 2670.02
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.05
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.02, 2670.03, 2670.04, 2670.05, 2670.06, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2670.09, 2670.10, 2740.01, 2740.02, 2740.03, 2740.04, 2740.05, 2740.06, 2850.09
harmful tax practices, 170.04
Income Tax Act 1997, 2670.04
EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, 170.01, 180.01, 2601.03, 2601.04
economic substance, 2670.10
EU and OECD listing, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.02, 2670.03, 2740.06
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.02, 2670.03, 2670.04, 2670.10, 2740.06
Evidence Act 1968, 2401.02
Exclusive remedy, 1540.01, 1540.04, 2030.07
charging orders, 1540.02, 1540.09
constructive trusts, 2240.03
foreign interlocutory orders, 1540.08
fraudulent dispositions, 2240.04
member keeps its rights, 1540.05
migration to the Cook Islands, 2240.05
no interference in management, 1540.06
no interlocutory orders against the company, 1540.07
Orange Grove litigation, 2240.04
purpose of the remedial bars, 2240.01
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2160.03, 2240.02, 2240.03, 2240.07, 2240.08, 2240.09, 2240.10
Section 13I (foreign-law rights), 2240.06
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2240.05
single-member LLCs, 1540.09
trustee indemnity, 1540.03
two-year limitation, 2240.08
Exculpation. See Exoneration clauses
Exculpation clauses, 1201.04, 1480, 1990.05
advancement of expenses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10
exoneration clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
operating agreements, 1220.05, 3080.04
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
trustee remuneration, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
winding up, 1930.07
Executive Council, 520.09, 530.08
AEOI Regulations, 2710.03, 2760.01
cabinet and Executive Council, 120.03
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06, 310.04
Exempt status, 2601.03, E60.01
Belize, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, E60.02
Income Tax Act 1997, 2610.12
International companies, 140.10
Nevis, 2690.01
privacy, 560.05
removal of the international company exemption (2019), 2640.03
reporting entities, 2820.07
tax exemptions (international sector), 140.10, 2640.03
trust records, 560.05
See also Income tax
Existing creditors, 2460.06
Existing laws, 201.05, 220.02, 220.07, 520.01
Assent to Acts, 130.01, 130.02, 130.04, 130.06, 130.07
commencement, 130.03
Constitution of the Cook Islands, 220.01
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.01, 240.07
entrenched provisions, 220.03
existing-law clause, 220.04
extraterritorial reach, 130.01, 130.02, 130.03, 130.04, 130.05, 130.06, 130.07
New Zealand legislation, 130.05, 220.06
ordinances of the earlier legislatures, 220.05
Exoneration clauses, 770.03, 1201.04, 1480, 1990.05
advancement of expenses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10
breach of trust, 770.01
clauses limiting liability, 770.02
court's power to relieve, 770.06
duty of care standard, 770.04
exculpation clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
exoneration and insurance, 2050.07
foundation rules, 3080.04, C20.13
impounding a beneficiary's interest, 770.07
operating agreements, 1220.05, 3080.04
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
releases and consents by beneficiaries, 770.05
Section 19 duties and exoneration, 730.06, 770.10
trust property, 770.09
trustee indemnity, 770.08
trustee remuneration, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
winding up, 1930.07
Expatriation, 2901.03, 2980.01, 2980.03
choosing inclusion or exclusion, 2980.06
covered expatriates, 2980.10
estate inclusion, 2980.04, 2980.05
foundations and the transfer taxes, 2980.07
gift completeness, 2980.02
gifts by nonresident aliens, 2980.09
nonresident alien settlors and situs, 2980.08
trustee indemnity, 2980.05
Express powers to amend
founder's reserved rights, 1950.02, 2010.02
founder's rights, 1950.02, 2010.02
operating agreements, 1310.07, 1310.08
protectors, 920.08, 930.03, 970.07, A10.12
Expulsion of members, 1601.03, 1690.08, 1770.02
charging orders, 1610.10, 1750.05, 1770.03, E40.04
economic and governance rights, 1630.02
effect of a deemed situs, 1770.05
forfeiture, 1630.06
Form 2, B30.22
no expulsion, 1330.09
operating agreements, 1390.08, 1770.06, 3080.04, B20.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1750.02, 1750.04, 1750.05, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
redemption of interests, 1630.01, 1630.02, 1630.03, 1630.04, 1630.05, 1630.06, 1630.07, 1630.08, 1630.09
Extraterritorial reach
Assent to Acts, 130.01, 130.02, 130.04, 130.06, 130.07
commencement, 130.03
existing laws, 130.01, 130.02, 130.03, 130.04, 130.05, 130.06, 130.07
New Zealand legislation, 130.05
F
Belize, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, 2701.03, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.03, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06, D60.01, D60.02, D60.03, D60.04, E60.02
competent authority, D60.01, D60.02, D60.03, D60.04
consequences of having no agreement, 2750.03
controlling persons, 2770.03
FBAR, 2970.08
investment entities, 2750.04
no FATCA agreement, 2750.02, 2750.05, 2750.06
non-financial entities, 2750.07
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.08
passive NFFEs and NFEs, 2770.05
secrecy offence (section 23), 2750.08
trustee-documented trusts, 2750.06
See also Common Reporting Standard
FBAR, D70.02
council composition, 2970.04
Court test and control test, 2910.05, 2910.06
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.07, 1740.09
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.07, 2990.01
grantor trusts, 2990.07
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.01, 2970.02, 2970.03, 2970.05, 2970.06, 2970.07, 2970.08, 2970.09
reportable accounts, 2970.03
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.01, 2990.06, 2990.07, 2990.09
willful FBAR penalties, 2970.05
Federal Trade Commission v. Affordable Media, 2180.05, 2501.02, 2510.02, 2540.02
Anderson case, 2530.01, 780.05
civil contempt, 2520.05, 2520.07
contempt of court, 2530.01, 2530.02, 2580.03, 980.02, 980.04, 980.05, 980.06
duress clauses, 2550.02, 980.01, 980.02, 980.04, 980.06, 990.03, A20.13
impossibility defense, 2520.05, 2520.07, 980.05
protectors, 2510.06, 2530.02, 2550.02, 940.03, 940.07, 980.01, 990.03
Fiduciary duties
duty of care standard, 1320.05
duty of impartiality, 740.04
duty of loyalty, 1430.02, 1430.03, 1430.04, 1440.02, 740.04
freedom of contract, 1320.05
See also Exoneration clauses
Financial Intelligence Unit, 150.01, 401.03, 410.01, 2801.06
APG and mutual evaluations, 480.05, 480.06
APG mutual evaluation, 480.06
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.02, 440.01
EU and OECD listing, 480.05
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 410.05, D50.02
foundation rules, 1850.12, C20.12
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.02, 2830.07, 2830.08, 440.01
risk-based approach, 2830.07, 2830.08
suspicious transaction reports, 150.08, 2810.03, 480.01, 480.02, 480.03, 480.04, 480.07, 480.08
Financial Supervisory Commission, 140.06, 150.02, 410.01, 410.03
Commissioner and the registrars, 410.04
confidentiality within the Commission, 420.07
enactment and establishment, 410.02
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 410.05
funding and accountability, 410.06
membership of international bodies, 410.07
winding up, 440.10
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 1870.13, 2620.06, 2810.01, D01.01
duty of care standard, 2840.11, 2840.13, D50.01, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04
enactments administered, 410.05
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.01, 480.03
operating agreements, 1220.07, 1220.08
Section 27C (records), 560.07
suspicious transaction reports, 2860.06, 2860.09, 480.01, 480.03
Financial Transactions Reporting Regulations
duty of care standard, 2810.05, 2840.04, 2840.07, 2840.09, 2840.13
Firewall provisions, 2310, 2320, 2330, 2340, 2350, 2360, 2370, 2380, 2380.01, 2380.04, 2380.07, 2390, 2390.04
arbitral awards, 2301.02, 2390.03
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.03
charging orders, 2380.02, 2380.03
combining the vehicles, 2380.08
common-law action on a judgment, 2320.07
drafting for foreign judgments, 2390.05
forced heirship, 2360.06
foundation rule, 2380.05
narrower trigger, 2380.06
Nevis, 2390.01
Orange Grove litigation, 2330.03, 2340.09
Revenue rule, 2680.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2340.04, 2350.01
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2040.05, 2310.08, 2320.07, 2330.01, 2330.02, 2330.03, 2330.04, 2330.05, 2330.06, 2330.07, 2330.08, 2340.01, 2340.02, 2340.03, 2340.04, 2340.05, 2340.06, 2340.07, 2340.08, 2340.09, 2350.01, 2360.06, 2370.03, 2390.06, 2680.02, 370.02, 550.05
See also Foreign judgments
FIU guidelines, 2850.05
AEOI Regulations, 2760.03, 2760.04, 2760.09
Common Reporting Standard, 2701.03, 2760.04, 2760.09, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.03, 2770.06
competent authority, 2720.06, 2730.01
duty of care standard, 1450.02, 2760.03, 2840.05, 2840.09
FATCA, 2701.03, 2750.02, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.06
practice guidelines, 2810.07
Fixed interest trusts, 801.03, 880.07
beneficial interests, 820.01, 820.06
duress clauses, 980.03, 990.02
forfeiture, 850.01, 850.03, 850.06, 850.07
protective trusts, 850.01, 850.03, 850.05, 850.06
restoration, 850.07
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 1130.01, 960.06
saunders v. Vautier rule, 1130.01, 960.06
Florida
charging orders, 1280.10, 1580.05, 2570.04
express powers to amend, 1310.08
foreclosure of interests, 1580.06, 1730.04, 1730.06, 2570.04
in rem jurisdiction, 1730.04
investment accounts, 1730.06
operating agreements, 1310.08
single-member LLCs, 1580.05
transfer of domicile, 1280.10
trustee indemnity, 1580.06
Forced heirship
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
community property, 2360.04
exclusion of foreign law, 2360.02
firewall provisions, 2360.06
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
personal-relationship claims, 2020.01, 2020.02, 2020.03, 2020.04, 2020.05, 2020.06, 2020.07, 2020.08, 2020.09, 2020.10, 2020.11, 2360.01, 670.05, 870.04
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2360.06
Section 13E (heirship), 870.04
Section 13I (foreign-law rights), 2020.10
structure B, 2090.02
trust property, 2360.03
See also Matrimonial claims
Foreclosure of interests, 1730.01
charging orders, 1280.10, 1320.10, 1510.08, 1540.09, 1580.08, 1730.03, 2570.04, E40.01, E40.04
Florida, 1280.10, 1580.05, 1580.06, 1730.04, 1730.06, 2570.04
Foreign financial institutions, 2690.05, D90.01
AEOI Regulations, 2760.02, 2760.03, 2760.04, 2760.05, 2760.08
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.02, 2760.04, 2760.05, 2770.05, 2770.06, D60.02
competent authority, D60.01, D60.03
FATCA, 2750.01, 2750.03, 2750.04, 2770.05, 2770.06, D60.01, D60.02, D60.03
no FATCA agreement, 2750.06
trustee-documented trusts, 2750.06
Foreign grantor trusts, D70.02
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.03, 2940.06, 2940.08
grantor trusts, 2930.02
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.03, 2940.06, 2940.08
Section 672(f), 2930.02
Foreign judgments, 2040.01, 2040.04, 2160.04, 2310, 2320, 2340, 2350, 2380, 2390, 370.01, A10.16, A20.16
affidavit and the threshold, 2040.02
against beneficiaries, 870.02
arbitral awards, 2310.06, 2350.05
Arbitration Act 2009, 2310.06
common-law action on a judgment, 2310.04, 2320.08, 2320.09
firewall provisions, 2040.05, 2310.08, 2350.01, 2390.05, 370.02, 550.05
forced heirship, 2020.08
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.07
New Zealand exception, 2310.03
New Zealand judgments, 370.03
Orange Grove litigation, 2350.02
personal-relationship claims, 2020.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.07
Revenue rule, 370.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2310.09, 2350.02, 2350.05
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2040.05, 2310.08, 2350.01, 370.02, 550.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2040.03
See also Firewall provisions
Foreign LLC registration, 1201.03, 1290.02, 1601.03
charging orders, 1280.10, 1710.06
Florida, 1280.10, 1580.05, 1730.04
foreign LLCs, 1280.08, 1280.09
mergers and consolidations, 1670.05, 1670.08
Nevis, 1670.05, 1710.05, 1730.04
transfer of domicile, 1280.01, 1280.02, 1280.04, 1280.08, 1280.09, 1680.02, 1680.03, 1680.09, 1680.11
Foreign LLCs, 520.02
foreign LLC registration, 1280.08, 1280.09
International companies, 1680.09, 2620.09
mergers and consolidations, 1670.05
Nevis, 1670.05
non-resident beneficiaries, 570.04, 610.03
non-resident requirement, 1020.03, 1040.06, 2070.02, 570.04, 610.03, 810.01
transfer of domicile, 1280.01, 1280.02, 1280.08, 1280.09, 1680.09
Foreign trust rules (Income Tax Act section 77), 1990.02, 2630.04, 2690.05
Income Tax Act 1997, 2610.09, 2610.11
operating agreements, 1220.02
Foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2630.04, 2920.03, 2920.06, 2920.08, 2920.09, 2940.01, 2950.07
2017 foreign trust rules, 2630.03
business entity versus trust, 2960.02, 2960.07
Court test and control test, 2910.01, 2910.02, 2910.04, 2910.05, 2910.06, 2910.07
duress clauses, 2910.03
flight clauses, 2910.03
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.01, 2940.10
foundation classification abroad, 2960.02, 2960.07
grantor trusts, 2920.03, 2920.06, 2920.08, 2920.09
protectors, 2910.05
record keeping, 2630.06
records of foreign trusts, 2780.06
Section 672(f), 2930.04, 2930.05
See also Forms 3520 and 3520-A
Forfeiture
expulsion of members, 1630.06, B30.22
protective trusts, 850.01, 850.02, 850.03, 850.04, 850.05, 850.06, 850.07, 880.05
redemption of interests, 1630.06
restoration, 850.07
Section 13F (spendthrift), 850.05
trust periods, 850.02
Form 8832
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.04, 1740.09, 2950.01
operating agreements, 1790.06, B10.16, B20.10
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.01, 2990.09
Texas, 1740.09
Formation of LLCs, 1240, 1240.01, 1240.04, 1290.01, 1290.02, 1890.01, 1890.02, 1890.07
articles of organisation, 1240.06
certificate of organisation, 1240.09
duty of care standard, D50.03
effect of filing, 1240.07
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.03
foundation classification abroad, 1890.03
foundations with trusts and LLCs, 1890.04
legal personality, 1240.03
Nevis, 1890.05
non-residence condition, 1240.02
non-resident requirement, 1330.02
onboarding, 2890.01
protectors, 1290.03
purposes and powers, 1240.10
refusal and appeal, 1240.08
reservation of a name, 1240.05
transfer of domicile, 1290.03
Forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.01, 2940.10
secrecy offence (section 23), 2940.09
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.01, 2940.02, 2940.03, 2940.04, 2940.05, 2940.06, 2940.07, 2940.08, 2940.09, 2940.10, 2990.01
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.01
Foundation beneficiaries, 1820.05
Foundation capital, 1820.02, 1860.01, 1860.04, 1860.05, 1860.08, 1860.10, 1890.07, 2090.01
establishment and operation, 1860.06
formalities of transfer, 1860.07
foundation classification abroad, 2960.04, 2960.06
foundation rules, 1850.12, C20.05
founder's creditors in outline, 1860.11
founder's reserved rights, 1860.09
founder's rights, 1860.09
no residence requirement, 1860.02
nominee founders, 1860.03
Registrar's forms (foundations), D30.01, D30.04
succession vehicles, 2010.09
Foundation classification abroad
business entity versus trust, 2960.01, 2960.02, 2960.03, 2960.04, 2960.06, 2960.07
civil-law foundations, 2960.02
entity classification (U.S.), 2960.06
foundation trading bar, 2960.03
founder's rights, 2960.05
grantor trusts, 2960.05
tax classification abroad, 1890.03
Foundation creditors, 2080.01
Foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.01, 3040.02
council and the LLC's management, 3040.06
enforcers, 3040.07
foundation as member, B30.03
founder's reserved rights, 3040.05
founder's rights, 3040.05
strengths of the pattern, 3040.03
weaknesses of the pattern, 3040.04
Foundation instrument, 1810.04, 1840, 1840.01, 1840.04, 1840.06, C01.02, C10.02, C10.03
change of name, 1840.05
contents required by the act, 1840.03
foundation rules, 1850.12, 3080.05, C20.03, C20.08, C20.15, C20.17
operating agreements, 3080.05
public document, 1840.08
registered agent, 1840.07
Registrar's forms (foundations), 1870.02, C40.01, D30.01
requirement and language, 1840.02
use of the form, C10.01
Foundation instrument and rules, 1840, 1840.01, 1840.04, 1840.06, 1850, C10.02, C10.03
annual compliance filings, C20.16
change of name, 1840.05
charitable trusts, C20.04
civil-law foundations, 1850.10
contents required by the act, 1840.03
council composition, C20.06
enforcers, 1850.06, 1850.12, C20.07, C20.09, C20.14
foundation capital, C20.05
foundation rules, 1850.01, 1850.02, 1850.03, 1850.04, 1850.05, 1850.06, 1850.07, 1850.08, 1850.09, 1850.10, 1850.11, 1850.12, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.05, 3080.06, 3080.07, C20.01, C20.02, C20.03, C20.04, C20.05, C20.06, C20.07, C20.08, C20.09, C20.10, C20.12, C20.13, C20.14, C20.15, C20.16, C20.17, C20.18, C20.19, C20.20, C20.21
foundation trading bar, C20.11
foundation transfer of registration, C20.19
holding companies, C20.11
operating agreements, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.05, 3080.06, 3080.07
public document, 1840.08
registered agent, 1840.07
requirement and language, 1840.02
use of the form, C10.01
winding up, C20.18
Foundation plan. See Foundation rules
Foundation registration, 520.09, 690.06, 1150.08, 1870.06, 1880.03, 1890.07, 2290.06, A30.08, D10.01
Registrar's forms (foundations), 1870.08, C01.10, C40.01, D30.01, D30.04
regulatory confidentiality, 650.01, 650.04
Section 16 (deregistration), 1160.04, 1160.05, 1160.08, 650.04
Foundation rules, 1810.04, 1820.06, 1830.06, 1850, 1920.08, C20.03, C20.08, C20.10, C20.12, C20.13, C20.15, C20.17, C20.20, C20.21
annual compliance filings, C20.16
approval and custody, 1850.02
charitable trusts, C20.04
civil-law foundations, 1850.10
council composition, C20.06, C20.18
enforcers, 1850.06, 1850.12, 1940.05, 2010.04, C20.04, C20.06, C20.07, C20.09, C20.14
foundation capital, 1860.10, C20.05
foundation instrument, 1840.01, 3080.05, C10.02
foundation trading bar, C20.11
foundation transfer of registration, C20.19
founder's rights, C20.09
holding companies, C20.11
Liechtenstein, 1850.10
mandatory contents, 1850.03, 1850.04, 1850.07
mandatory if relevant, 1850.08
Model rules, 1850.11
operating agreements, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.05, 3080.06, 3080.07
optional contents, 1850.09
requirement and language, 1850.01
resignation of the registered agent, 1850.05
title and recitals, C20.02
use of the form, C20.01
winding up, C20.18
Foundation trading bar
business entity versus trust, 2960.02, 2960.03
foundation classification abroad, 2960.02, 2960.03
foundation rules, C20.11
holding companies, C20.11
trading restriction, 1820.07
Foundation transfer of registration
foundation rules, C20.19
Foundations, 140.08, 160.05, 1820.10, 1920.02, 2030.09, 2050.03, 2070.01, 2070.05, 2080.04, 2090.01, 2090.03, 2170.01, 2170.02, 2440.06, 2450.05, 2620.08, 2650.05, 2650.06, 2650.07, 2730.08, 3050.03, 3050.04
Belize, 1890.05, 1890.06, E50.03
business entity versus trust, 2960.01, 2960.02, 2960.03, 2960.04, 2960.07
charging orders, 1870.10, 2380.02, 2380.03
civil-law foundations, 1810.01, 1850.10, 2020.12
Common Reporting Standard, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.03, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06
enforcers, 1070.06, 1070.08, 1850.06, 1850.12, 1940.01, 1940.02, 1940.05, 1940.08, 1990.04, 2010.04, 2090.04, 3040.07, 3050.06, C20.07, C20.09, C20.14
FATCA, 2770.01, 2770.02, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06
firewall provisions, 2380.01, 2380.02, 2380.03, 2380.04, 2380.05, 2380.06, 2380.07, 2380.08
forced heirship, 2020.04, 2020.10, 2090.02
foundation as beneficiary, 2070.02
foundation as trustee, 2070.03, 3050.05
foundation capital, 1860.10, 2010.09, C20.05
foundation classification abroad, 1890.03, 2960.01, 2960.02, 2960.03, 2960.04, 2960.06, 2960.07
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.01, 3040.02, 3040.03, 3040.04, 3040.06, 3040.07, B30.03
foundation instrument, 1840.01, 1840.02, 1840.03, 1840.04, 1840.05, 1840.06, 1840.07, 1840.08, 3080.05, C10.01, C10.02, C10.03
foundation rules, 1850.01, 1850.02, 1850.03, 1850.04, 1850.05, 1850.06, 1850.07, 1850.08, 1850.09, 1850.10, 1850.11, 1850.12, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.05, 3080.06, 3080.07, C20.01, C20.02, C20.03, C20.04, C20.05, C20.06, C20.07, C20.08, C20.09, C20.10, C20.12, C20.13, C20.14, C20.15, C20.16, C20.17, C20.18, C20.19, C20.20, C20.21
foundation trading bar, 1820.07, C20.11
founder's reserved rights, 1860.09, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 3040.05
founder's rights, 1860.09, 1990.04, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 2960.05, 3040.05
fraudulent dispositions, E30.04
legal personality, 1820.01, 2850.01, 2850.02
Nevis, 1890.05, 2030.10, 2850.10, E50.03
non-resident requirement, 2070.02, 2650.08
operating agreements, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.06, 3080.07
personal liability of council members, 1930.07, 2050.06
purpose trusts, 1070.01, 1070.02, 1070.03, 1070.04, 1070.05, 1070.06, 1070.07, 1070.08, 1830.09, 3050.06
Registrar's forms (foundations), C40.01, D30.01, D30.04, D80.01
standard of proof, E30.04
succession vehicles, 2010.01, 2010.04, 2010.05, 2010.06, 2010.07, 2010.08, 2010.09, 2010.10
winding up, 1930.07, 2030.01, 2050.04, 2050.05, C20.18
See also Council (foundation); Foundation instrument and rules; Foundations Act 2012
Founder. See Founders
Founders, 1890.07, 2030.02, 2030.05, 2030.08, 2060.01, 2090.06, 3020.02, C30.05
accrual of cause of action, 2030.04
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
enforcers, 1990.04, 2010.04, 2060.05, 2090.04, C20.09
foundation capital, 1860.01, 1860.02, 1860.03, 1860.04, 1860.05, 1860.06, 1860.07, 1860.08, 1860.10, 1860.11
foundation rule, 2170.02
foundation rules, C20.09
founder's reserved rights, 1860.09, 1950.02, 1950.07, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 3040.05
founder's rights, 1860.09, 1950.02, 1990.04, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 2960.05, 3040.05
grantor trusts, 2960.05
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
Nevis, 2030.10
protectors, 1950.01, 1950.03, 1950.04, 1950.05, 1950.06, 1950.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10
settlor reserved powers, 2060.05
succession vehicles, 2010.04
Webb v. Webb, 1950.07, 2060.03
winding up, 2030.01
Founder's reserved rights, 1820.08
enforcers, 1990.04, 2060.05, 2090.04, C20.09
foundation capital, 1860.09
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.05
foundation rules, C20.09
founder's rights, 1860.09, 1950.02, 1990.04, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 2960.05, 3040.05
grantor trusts, 2960.05
succession vehicles, 2010.02, 2010.03
Webb v. Webb, 1950.07
Founder's rights
foundation capital, 1860.09
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.05
foundation rules, C20.09
founder's reserved rights, 1860.09, 1950.02, 1990.04, 2010.02, 2010.03, 2070.04, 2960.05, 3040.05
grantor trusts, 2960.05
protectors, 1950.02
Fraudulent dispositions, 2110, 2120, 2140, 2150, 2170, 2180
exclusive remedy, 2240.04
intent to defraud, 2120.05, 530.05
membership interests, 1780.08
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 540.03
Nevis, 160.03
Orange Grove litigation, 2240.04
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.01, 1780.02, 1780.03, 1780.04, 1780.05, 1780.06, 1780.07, 1780.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2110.01, 2110.02, 2110.03, 2110.04, 2110.05, 2120.05, 2150.06, 2180.03, 260.04, 530.05, 910.04, A20.05, E30.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.08, 540.03
solvency tests, 2150.06
standard of proof, 1780.07, E30.04
United States, 2180.04
See also Limitation periods; Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions); Solvency; Standard of proof
Fraudulent transfer (U.S.)
firewall provisions, 2340.04, 370.02
Fraudulent transfers. See Fraudulent dispositions
Free association with New Zealand, 110.01, 110.06
free association, 110.05
New Zealand administration, 110.02
Prime Minister, 110.04
Freedom of contract, 660.03, 1410.06
charging orders, 1320.10
duty of care standard, 1320.05
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.01, 1320.02, 1320.03, 1320.04, 1320.05, 1320.06, 1320.07, 1320.08, 1320.09, 1320.10
Freezing orders, 360.03, 2430.08
ancillary orders, 2430.06
equitable relief, 320.06
general conditions, 2430.02
migration to the Cook Islands, 2230.10, 2430.03, 2430.07
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 540.05
power to grant injunctions, 2430.01
scope and form, 2430.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2230.10, 2430.03, 2430.07
without notice applications, 2430.04
See also Injunctions
FSC. See Financial Supervisory Commission
FTRA. See Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017
G
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.01, 180.01, 2790.05
AEOI Regulations, 2670.08
APG and mutual evaluations, 170.03, 480.06
APG mutual evaluation, 170.03, 480.06
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2670.09, 2701.03, E60.02
economic substance, 2670.10
EU and OECD listing, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.02, 2670.03, 2670.04, 2670.05, 2670.06, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2670.09, 2670.10, 2740.01, 2740.02, 2740.03, 2740.04, 2740.05, 2740.06, 2850.09
EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, 2670.02
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.01, 480.04, 480.07
Income Tax Act 1997, 2670.04
Good faith, 1440.01, 1440.04, 1440.05, 1440.06, 1920.02
distribution limit, 1440.07
duty of loyalty, 1440.02
freedom of contract, 1320.06
good-faith standard for delegation, 750.06
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.06
operating agreements, 1460.02
protection for good-faith compliance, 2870.07
standards of under section 8(2)(c), 1440.03
Governing law, 1730.01, 550.06, 660, 660.01, 660.02, 660.03, 690.02, 730.07, A10.03, A20.04, B30.20
business entity versus trust, 1760.03
change of governing law, 1140.01, 1140.02, 1140.03, 1140.04, 1140.05, 1140.06, 1140.07, 1140.08, 1140.09, 1140.10, 1140.11, 660.08, 970.03, A10.14, A20.14, E20.04
choice of law, 260.06
duress clauses, 970.03, E20.04
foundation rules, C20.15
Nevis, 1730.04
Ohio, 1280.05
operating agreements, 1760.01, 1760.02, 1760.03, 1760.04, 1760.05, 1760.06, 1760.07
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1760.06
protectors, 1760.01, 1760.02, 1760.04, 1760.05, 1760.07, B10.17
Section 13G (governing law), 1140.01, 1140.02, 1140.03, 1140.04, 1140.05, 1140.06, 1140.07, 1140.08, 1140.09, 1140.10, 1140.11, 660.04, A10.14
Section 13H (limits on relief), 660.05
single-member LLCs, B10.17
transfer of domicile, 1280.05, 1680.11
trust deeds, 3070.06
Government of the Cook Islands, 110.06, 1201.03
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 140.12, 1701.03, 1750.01, 2170.04
Grantor trusts, 2920.01, 2920.02, 2920.03, 2920.04, 2920.06, 2920.07, 2920.08, 2920.09
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
FBAR, 2990.07
foreign grantor trusts, 2930.02
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2920.03, 2920.06, 2920.08
founder's reserved rights, 2960.05
founder's rights, 2960.05
loans from foreign trusts, 2920.05
Section 672(f), 2930.01, 2930.02, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
self-settled trusts, 2920.02
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.07
throwback rules, 2930.04
trust property, 2920.05
See also Foreign trusts (U.S. tax)
Gun Bo v. Asia Trust, 380.02, 380.03, 2410.08
freezing orders, 2430.03, 2430.04, 2430.05, 2430.06, 2430.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2401.03, 2490.01
migration to the Cook Islands, 2470.02
Orange Grove litigation, 550.04
privacy, 2260.02
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 550.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2430.03, 2430.07, 2470.02, 2490.01
H
Handover between trustees, 720.07
Harmful tax practices, 2601.03
APG and mutual evaluations, 480.05, 480.06
EU and OECD listing, 170.04, 2670.01, 480.05
Hastings-Bass principle
mistake and rescission, 1180.03, 1180.04, 1180.05
Pitt v. Holt decision, 1180.03
Hearings in camera, 2450.02
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2450.06
proceedings in camera, 2450.04, 2450.05
secrecy offence (section 23), 2450.03, 2450.05
trust rule, 2450.01
Heirship claims. See Forced heirship
High Court judges
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 310.04, 310.08
High Court of the Cook Islands, 320, 320.02, 350.05, 2410.01, 2410.08, 2410.09
appeals as of right, 330.05
Belize, 2550.04
choosing the cause of action, 2410.03
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01, 360.07
commencement, 350.02
court of general jurisdiction, 320.01
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 360.05
flexibility of the bench, 320.03
freezing orders, 320.06
High Court, 150.05
High Court as the exclusive forum, 350.01
High Court's supervisory powers, 1880.16
interlocutory relief, 350.04
judgment of the High Court, 1520.02
Judicature Act 1980–81, 330.05, 330.08
jurisdiction of the High Court, 320.05
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2410.04, 2410.05, 2410.06, 2410.07
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 350.07, 540.05
plaints and applications, 2410.02
practice and procedure, 320.04
protectors, 2550.04
recourse to the High Court, 450.10
requests for information, 2730.04
secrecy offence (section 23), 320.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2220.06, 350.06, 350.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.08, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2410.04, 2410.05, 2410.06, 2410.07, 350.08
security for costs, 320.07
tax information exchange, 2730.04
video-link hearings, 330.08
Webb v. Webb, 320.05
winding up, 1880.12
Holding companies, 1690.06, 2090.01, 2950.04, 2950.07, C30.06
Common Reporting Standard, 2770.03, 2770.05
controlling persons, 2770.03
foundation rules, 3080.01, C20.03, C20.10, C20.11
foundation trading bar, 1820.07, C20.11
International companies, 2640.01, 3060.01, 3060.03
using both, 2070.06
House of Ariki, 120.04
I
Illinois
fraudulent transfer (U.S.), 2180.06, 680.03
removal of trustees, 680.07
self-settled trusts, 2180.06, 680.03
solvency affidavits, 680.07
Impossibility defense
civil contempt, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08
contempt of court, 2520.01, 2520.02, 2520.03, 2520.04, 2520.05, 2520.06, 2520.07, 2520.08, 2530.01, 2530.02, 980.05
criminal contempt, 2520.01
Income tax, 2610.02, 2610.06, 2610.07, 2610.08, 2610.09, 2610.12, 2780.03
act and its administration, 2610.01
Common Reporting Standard, E60.02
company residence test (2023), 2610.05
competent authority, 2610.13
EU and OECD listing, 2670.04
expatriation, 2980.01
foreign tax credits, 2610.15
Global Forum peer reviews, 2670.04
information powers of the Collector, 2610.13
Nevis, 2690.02
residence of companies before 2023, 2610.04
residence of individuals, 2610.03
tax treaties, 2610.14
trusts under the general law, 2610.11
withholding taxes, 2610.10
Income Tax Act 1997, 2601.03, 2610.02, 2610.06, 2610.07, 2610.08, 2610.09, 2610.12, 2620.02, 2620.07, 2630.02, 2630.07, 2650.02, 2650.06, 2690.03, 2780.03, E60.01
act and its administration, 2610.01
Belize, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, 2620.09, 2670.07, 2710.07, E60.02
company residence test (2023), 2610.05
competent authority, 2610.13, D60.04
EU and OECD listing, 2670.03, 2670.04
FATCA, D60.04
foreign tax credits, 2610.15
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2630.03, 2780.06
Global Forum peer reviews, 2670.03, 2670.04, 2670.07
information powers of the Collector, 2610.13
International companies, 2620.09, 2640.05, 2640.06
member's position, 2650.04
residence of companies before 2023, 2610.04
residence of individuals, 2610.03
tax treaties, 2610.14
trusts under the general law, 2610.11
withholding taxes, 2610.10
advancement of expenses, 1060.04, 1480.07, 820.06
beneficial interests, 820.06
charitable purposes, 1060.04
enforcers, 1030.09
exculpation clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 1930.04
exoneration clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 770.08
foundation rules, 3080.04, C20.13
operating agreements, 3080.04, B10.08
release and indemnity by a beneficiary, 460.05
single-member LLCs, B10.08
trust property, A10.21
trustee indemnity, 770.08
Individual trustees, 1620.04
Information powers of the Collector, 2620.02
competent authority, 2610.13, D60.04
FATCA, D60.04
Income Tax Act 1997, 2610.13
requests for information, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04
tax information exchange, 2720.04, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04
Injunctions, 2290.02, 2440.06, 2440.07
charging orders, 2440.04, 2440.05
freezing orders, 2430.01, 2430.02, 2430.03, 2430.04, 2430.05, 2430.06, 2430.07, 2430.08, 360.03
international trusts, 2440.02
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 2440.04, 2440.05
migration to the Cook Islands, 2130.05, 2440.01
orders against the trustee's own assets, 2440.03
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2130.05, 2430.03, 2430.07, 2440.01
without notice applications, 2430.04
See also Freezing orders
Insurance
advancement of expenses, 1480.07
exculpation clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.07, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
exoneration clauses, 1480.01, 1480.02, 1480.03, 1480.04, 1480.05, 1480.06, 1480.08, 1480.09, 1480.10, 2050.07
foundation rules, C20.13
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
trust fees, 450.04
trustee remuneration, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
winding up, 1930.07
Intent to defraud, 910.05, 1710.04
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.06, 1780.07, 2110.03, 2120.05, 2180.03, 2180.04, 530.05, 910.04, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2230.07
Nevis, 160.03, 2030.10, 2180.02
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.06, 1780.07
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2110.03, 2120.02, 2120.05, 2150.06, 2170.05, 2350.05, 350.08, 530.05, 550.04, 910.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.08, 2230.07, 350.08
solvency tests, 2150.06
Interests of creditors, 1440.06
International companies, 140.01, 520.02, 530.08, 710.03, 2601.03, 2640.01, 2640.05, 2640.06, 2650.02, 2690.03, 2690.05, 3001.03, 3020.01, 3060.05
2017 assessment, 2640.02
AEOI Regulations, 2620.09
Common Reporting Standard, 2620.09
company as trustee, 3060.04
corporate income tax, 140.10
foundation as beneficiary, 2070.02
LLC as the default holding vehicle, 3060.03
mergers and consolidations, 1670.02, 1670.07, 290.02
Nevis, 1680.10, 2690.01, 2690.02
non-resident requirement, 1020.03, 1040.06, 2070.02, 570.04
planning after the reforms, 2640.07
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.01, 2250.04
removal of the international company exemption (2019), 2640.03
repeal and savings, 2640.04
residence and tax, 3060.02
roles it plays, 3060.01
tax exemptions (international sector), 140.10, 2640.03
transfer of domicile, 1680.01, 1680.09, 1680.10
International trusts, 1050.01, 1050.03, 1050.05, 1170.01, 140.02, 1890.02, 2070.05, 2201.02, 2440.02, 2620.03, 2630, 2630.02, 2630.04, 470.04, 610.02, 690.06, 701.03, 730.04, A01, A10, A20, A30
amendment act 1989, 530.01
amendment act 1999, 560.01
charitable purposes, 1020.04, 1050.02, 1050.04, 1050.07
charitable trusts, 1050.07, 1060.07
Constitution Amendment Acts, 530.09
enforcement of a charitable, 1050.06
forced heirship, 2020.09
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2630.03, 2630.06
foundation as beneficiary, 2070.02
fraudulent dispositions, 2110.04, 260.04, 910.04
interaction with the act, 1520.06
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.01
non-resident beneficiaries, 570.04, 610.03
non-resident requirement, 2070.02, 570.04, 610.03
Orange Grove litigation, 350.07, 540.01
personal-relationship claims, 2020.09
protectors, 3030.09, 3070.05, 530.06, 910.02
purpose trusts, 1020.04
revocable trusts, 910.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 560.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2110.04, 260.04, 350.06, 350.08, 910.04
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2330.02
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2220.01, 350.08
Section 16 (deregistration), 470.05, D40.02
settlor reserved powers, 910.06
structure C, 2090.03
suspension of LLCs, D40.02
trust deeds, 3070.01, 3070.02, 3070.03, 3070.04, 3070.06, 3070.07, 3070.08
trust-owned LLCs, 3030.01, 3030.02, 3030.03, 3030.04, 3030.05, 3030.06, 3030.07, 3030.08, 3030.09
Webb v. Webb, 610.05, 830.07, 950.03
See also International Trusts Act 1984
International Trusts Act 1984, 140.02, 2620.03, 350.05, D10.01
commencement, 350.02
forced heirship, 2020.09
High Court as the exclusive forum, 350.01
interaction with the International Trusts Act, 1520.06
interlocutory relief, 350.04
Orange Grove litigation, 350.07
personal-relationship claims, 2020.09
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 350.06, 350.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 350.08
standard of proof, 350.03
Introducers and reliance, 1130.07
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.07, D60.02
duty of care standard, 1450.05, 1450.06, 2840.13
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.05, 2830.07
operating agreements, 1410.05, 1460.02
Investment accounts, 1150.08, 1580.09
charging orders, 1590.07, 1710.06, 2440.05
Florida, 1310.08, 1730.04, 1730.06
operating agreements, 1310.08, B10.07
Investment duties, 790.11
Investment entities
Common Reporting Standard, 2770.01, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06
competent authority, D60.01, D60.03
FATCA, 2750.03, 2750.04, 2750.05, 2750.07, 2770.01, 2770.04, 2770.05, 2770.06, D60.01, D60.03
ITA. See International Trusts Act 1984
J
Jersey
charitable purposes, 1020.08
Cook Islands Act 1915, 1810.02, 1901.06
council members' duties, 1990.03
duty of confidentiality, 1990.03
enforcers, 1020.08
Judicature Act 1980–81
appeals as of right, 2480.06, 330.05, 330.08
Code of Civil Procedure, 2401.03
migration to the Cook Islands, 2490.01
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2490.01
Judicial Committee. See Privy Council
Jurisdiction of the High Court, 790.11, 880.07
protectors, 860.07, 940.05, 940.07, A10.18
security for costs, 2470.01, 320.07
Webb v. Webb, 320.05
K
Know your customer. See Customer due diligence
KYC. See Customer due diligence
L
Land in the Cook Islands, 290.05, 320.02
Cook Islands Act 1915, 240.02, 240.03, 240.07
Lapse of registration, 1870.09
Law practitioners, 390.08
Law reports, 380.02, 2401.04, 2410.09
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2450.06, 2460.02
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 270.04, 270.06, 360.01, 360.07
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 2460.05, 360.05
English law as at 14 January 1840, 250.06
freezing orders, 2430.01, 2430.04, 2430.05, 2430.07, 320.06
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.01, 2220.09
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 2350.02, 2480.08, 380.04, 540.05, 550.04
repeal and savings, 250.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06, 2460.02, 320.08, 560.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2130.04, 2260.05, 2350.02, 2460.05, 350.08, 360.01, 550.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.03, 2220.01, 2220.09, 2430.07, 350.08
standard of proof, 2130.04, 2130.06
Leave to appeal
appeals as of right, 2480.06, 330.05
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01, 360.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2480.06, 330.05, 330.08
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 2350.02, 2480.08, 330.06, 540.05
Webb v. Webb, 340.06
Legal personality, 1240.03, 1820.02, 2410.08, 3020.01
legal persons, 2850.02
statutory definition, 2850.01
Liability shield, 1380.07, 1640.01, 2070.01, 2070.05, 2620.07, 2650.02, 2650.05, 2650.06, 2690.03
accounting records, 1380.04
apparent authority, 1350.03
beneficiaries' information rights, 1380.05
California, 1380.06
company property, 1350.06
default classification, 1740.03
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.03, 2950.01
expulsion of members, 1630.08, 1770.03
foundation as beneficiary, 2070.02
foundation as trustee, 2070.03
founder's reserved rights, 2070.04
founder's rights, 2070.04
holding companies, 2070.06
Income Tax Act 1997, 2650.04
information on beneficial ownership, 1380.03
information rights of members, 1380.05
limited liability companies act 2008, 140.07
limited liability companies office, 1230.01
limited liability company, 2650.01
non-resident requirement, 2070.02, 2650.08
pending proposal, 1210.06
privacy, 2070.07
proceedings in camera, 1380.08
redemption of interests, 1630.08
registered office, 1380.02
reviews and the limited liability company, 2650.03
suspension of LLCs, 1650.05, 1650.07
taxation of foundations (Cook Islands), 2650.07
Licensing of service providers, 430.04, 430.06, 430.09, 490.01
2014 act, 430.01
contracts made without a licence, 430.05
duration, conditions and revocation, 430.11
fit and proper requirements, 430.08
information and reports, 430.07
subsidiaries, delegation and managed trustee companies, 430.13
time for decision, 430.10
transition from the 1981–82 act, 430.12
trustee company business defined, 430.02
Wyoming, 430.03
Licensing of trustee companies, 430.04, 430.06, 430.09, 490.01
2014 act, 430.01
contracts made without a licence, 430.05
council composition, C20.06
duration, conditions and revocation, 430.11
fit and proper requirements, 430.08
foundation rules, C20.06
information and reports, 430.07
reading the definition today, 1230.06
reporting entities, 2820.02
subsidiaries, delegation and managed trustee companies, 430.13
time for decision, 430.10
transition from the 1981–82 act, 430.12
trustee company business defined, 430.02
Wyoming, 430.03
Liechtenstein
civil-law foundations, 1850.10, 2020.12
foundation rules, 1850.10
personal-relationship claims, 2020.12
Life insurance and trusts, 1830.02
charging orders, 1320.10, 1590.06
economic and governance rights, 1610.05
freedom of contract, 1320.02, 1410.06
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.02, 1320.10
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.04
Restatement rule, 680.02
risk-based approach, 2830.04
Limitation periods, 550.11, 2040.01, 2070.05
accrual of cause of action, 2030.04, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2140.07, E30.02
exclusive remedy, 2240.08
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.05, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.07
Nevis, 2030.10, 2180.02, E50.03
Pacific Heritage Bank v. Radke, 540.04
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2120.02, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2220.06, 2240.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.07
standard of proof, E30.04
time and distance, 380.06
Limitations on distributions
capital calls, 1560.01, 1560.02, 1560.03, 1560.04, 1560.05, 1560.06, 1560.07, 1560.08, 1560.09
Limited liability companies, 1710, 1720, 1730, 1740, 1760, 1770, 1780, 2070.01, 2650.02, 2650.05, 2650.06, 2950.04, 2950.07, D20.01, D20.02, D20.04
controlled foreign corporations, 2950.05
disregarded Cook Islands LLC, 2950.02
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.08, 2950.01
foreign LLC registration, 1280.09
foreign owners of American LLCs, 2950.08
Form 8865, 2950.03
Income Tax Act 1997, 2650.04
liability company, 2650.01
non-resident requirement, 2650.08
partnership classification, 2950.03
payments of members' tax, 2950.06
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 140.12
protectors, 3030.09
registered office, D20.03
reviews and the limited liability company, 2650.03
taxation of foundations (Cook Islands), 2650.07
transfer of domicile, 1280.09
trust-owned LLCs, 2950.05, 3030.01, 3030.02, 3030.03, 3030.04, 3030.05, 3030.06, 3030.07, 3030.08, 3030.09
See also LLC Act 2008
LLC Act section 26 (management), 550.11, 1290.02, 2801.06
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.01, 1340.02, 1340.07
member-managed LLCs, 1340.01, 1340.02, 1340.07
operating agreements, 1220.04, 1220.06, 1310.04, 1390.07, 3080.01
written instrument requirement, 1220.06, 1310.04, 1360.03, B01.04
LLC Act section 29 (property instruments), 1820.05, 1920.02, 1960.06, 1990.02, 2070.05
duty of care standard, 2840.09, 2840.13
LLC Act section 44 (assignment), 1601.03, 1610.02, 2850.08, D30.03
expulsion of members, 1330.09, 1770.04, 1770.06
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1510.02, 1510.05, 1520.01, 1580.01, 1580.09
bankruptcy of a member, 1570.01, 1620.07
charging orders, 1320.10, 1330.07, 1370.10, 1510.08, 1520.03, 1530.03, 1530.06, 1540.02, 1540.09, 1570.03, 1570.05, 1580.08, 1580.12, 1590.06, 1590.07, 1610.10, 1620.07, 1620.08, 1710.03, 1720.01, 1750.05, 1870.10, 2380.02, 2380.03, 2440.04, 2440.05, B10.10, B30.13, E40.04
Cook Islands Act 1915, E40.04
firewall provisions, 2380.02, 2380.03, 2380.08
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1320.10
operating agreements, 1330.05, 1510.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1750.05, 1770.03
single-member LLCs, 1390.02, 1540.09, 1570.01, 1570.03, 1570.05, 1570.08, 1580.05, B10.10
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), B30.02
accounting records, 1260.05, 1380.04
charging orders, 1320.10, 1510.08, 1750.05, B30.13
duty of care standard, 1320.05
foundation instrument, 1840.07, C10.03
foundation rules, 3080.01, C20.08
freedom of contract, 1320.01, 1320.02, 1320.03, 1320.04, 1320.05, 1320.06, 1320.07, 1320.08, 1320.09, 1320.10
LLCs. See Limited liability companies
Loans from foreign trusts, 2920.05, D70.02
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.05, 2930.07
Section 672(f), 2930.05, 2930.07
trust property, 2920.05
M
Manager-managed LLCs, 1420.03, 1490.08
LLC Act section 26 (management), 1340.01
member-managed LLCs, 1340.01, 1340.02, 1340.03, 1340.04, 1340.05, 1340.06, 1340.07, 1340.08
operating agreements, 1760.04, B20.01
public register of foundations, 1340.07
Managers, 1310, 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1370, 1380, 1390, 1410.02, 1420.01, 1420.05, 1490.07, 1490.08, 1640.02, 1640.06, 1720.04, B40.03, B40.04
conflicts of interest, 1470.05
co-trustees, 1360.03
council composition, 2970.04
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.04, 1390.08
duty of care standard, 1450.02, 1450.07
duty of loyalty, 1430.06
effect of section 29, 1350.07
exculpation clauses, 1480.06, 1480.09, 1480.10
exoneration clauses, 1480.06, 1480.09, 1480.10
foundation rules, 3080.02
LLC Act section 26 (management), 1340.01
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.01, 1340.02, 1340.03, 1340.04, 1340.05, 1340.06, 1340.07, 1340.08, 1420.03
member-managed LLCs, 1340.02, 1340.03, 1340.04, 1340.05, 1340.06, 1340.07, 1340.08, 1350.05
operating agreements, 1310.05, 1310.07, 1390.04, 1390.08, 1420.07, 1450.07, 1460.07, 3080.02, B10.07, B10.08, B10.11, B20.05
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1420.07
protectors, 1790.03, 1790.05, 2970.04
related-party transactions, 1470.05
single-member LLCs, 1310.05, B10.07, B10.08, B10.11
written instrument requirement, 1360.03
Mareva injunctions. See Freezing orders
Matrimonial claims
brennan's sequel, 2570.06
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
divorce court, 2570.01
firewall provisions, 2340.07
Florida, 2570.04
forced heirship, 2020.01, 2020.06, 2360.03, 2360.04, 670.05
freezing orders, 360.03
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
multiple settlors and spouses, 620.03
personal-relationship claims, 2020.01, 2020.06, 670.05
planning for the spouse, 2570.02
protectors, 530.06
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2340.07
Section 13E (heirship), 530.06
Section 13J (trust not void), 540.02, 870.06
spouses and matrimonial courts, 680.06
trust property, 2360.03
Webb v. Webb, 1120.06, 2360.05, 2680.01, 870.07
See also Forced heirship
Member-managed LLCs, 1490.08
LLC Act section 26 (management), 1340.01
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.01, 1340.02, 1340.03, 1340.04, 1340.05, 1340.06, 1340.07, 1340.08
member-managed companies, 1350.05
public register of foundations, 1340.07
Membership interests, 1510.02, 1610.02, 2170.03
charging orders, 1330.07, 1510.08, 1530.01, 1540.02, 1570.03, 2380.02, 2440.05
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.03, 1780.08
operating agreements, 1510.08, B20.03, B20.04, B20.05, B20.06
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1770.04, 1780.03, 1780.08
Mergers and consolidations, 290.02, 1670.03, 1670.07
combining by transfer of interests, 1670.04
foreign LLCs, 1670.05
International companies, 1670.02
Nevis, 1670.05
no division, 1670.08
no single authoritative consolidation, 290.01
no statutory merger, 1670.01
sale of all the assets, 1670.06
Migration of trusts, 1880.03, 1880.11, 2080.01, 2920.09, D80.02
cancellation of an inbound registration, 1880.06
consequences of revocation for planning, 2080.02
council composition, 1880.15
creditor's power to stop a migration, 2080.06
declaration of compliance, 1880.04
drafting slips, 1880.17
effect of inbound registration, 1880.05
effect of transfer, 1880.09
grantor trusts, 2920.09
High Court's supervisory powers, 1880.16
migrating foundation and the time rules, 2080.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 1880.02, 560.03
out of the Cook Islands, 2080.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 560.03
to the Cook Islands, 2080.03
trust deeds, 3070.08
winding up, 1880.12, 1880.13, 2080.08
See also Change of governing law
Migration to the Cook Islands, 1150.08, 2201.02, 2290.02, 2490.03, 2510.07
accrual of cause of action, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2140.07, 2140.08
beyond reasonable doubt standard, 2230.04, 2410.05
charging orders, 2440.01
conditions on suit, 2210.01, 2210.07, 2210.09
exclusive remedy, 2160.03, 2240.01, 2240.05, 2240.08
fraudulent dispositions, 2110.04, 540.03, E30.04
freezing orders, 2230.10, 2430.03, 2430.07
inbound migration, 1880.02
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2490.01
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 2210.06, 2230.03, 2480.08, 540.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2110.04, 2120.02, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2160.03, 2210.07, 2220.06, 2220.09, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.06, 2240.08, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.07, 350.08, 550.07, 560.03, 560.09, 590.02
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 1150.05, 1150.06, 2040.03, 2130.05, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2210.09, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.03, 2230.05, 2230.06, 2230.07, 2230.08, 2230.09, 2230.10, 2240.05, 2270.03, 2270.08, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.05, 2410.06, 2410.07, 2430.03, 2430.07, 2440.01, 2470.02, 2490.01, 2490.02, 350.08, 540.03, 550.07, 560.03
Section 16 (deregistration), 2270.02, 2270.03, 2270.04, 2270.08
security for costs, 2470.02
Minimum capital, 2870.02
Minnesota
charging orders, 1580.08
civil contempt, 1720.06
foreclosure of interests, 1580.08
operating agreements, 1720.06
Mistake and rescission, 201.04, 1130.07, 1180.01, 1490.05
hastings-Bass principle, 1180.03
Pitt v. Holt decision, 1180.03
protectors, 1180.06
records of decisions, 1180.05
Section 13G (governing law), 1180.04
trust property, 1180.06
void and voidable exercises, 1180.02
Mixed purpose and person trusts
charitable purposes, 1020.07
Money laundering reporting officer, 190.06, 490.08
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.02, 2830.03, 420.03, 440.01
duty of care standard, 2810.05, 2830.07, D50.02
life insurance and trusts, 2830.04
risk-based approach, 2830.01, 2830.02, 2830.03, 2830.04, 2830.05, 2830.06, 2830.07, 2830.08
Multilateral Convention, 2720.03, 2720.05
AEOI Regulations, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.09
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2701.03, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.09
Mutual legal assistance, 110.06
N
Native land. See Land in the Cook Islands
Nevis, 160.03, 160.06, 1020.08, 1160.09, 1320.10, 1670.05, 1680.07, 1680.10, 1710.05, 1730.04, 1990.03, 2030.10, 2180.02, 2280.01, 2390.01, 2580.02, 2690.01, 2690.02, E10.02, E20.04
APG and mutual evaluations, 2880.05
Arbitration Act 2009, E10.02
beneficial ownership registers, 2880.05, E50.03
chapter 15 recognition, 1580.02, E01.03
charging orders, 1320.10, E40.04
charitable purposes, 1020.06, 1020.08
Common Reporting Standard, E60.02
Cook Islands Act 1915, 1680.04, 1901.06, E40.04
Court test and control test, 2850.10
cross-border insolvency, 1580.02, E01.03
Foundations, 1890.05
Foundations Amendment Act 2013, E01.04
fraudulent dispositions, 160.03, E30.04
Income Tax Act 1997, E60.02
migration to the Cook Islands, 2280.01, 2280.03
proceedings in camera, 1601.05, 2280.03
New York
protectors, 2550.07
suspicious transaction reports, 1270.06
tax Information Exchange Agreements, 1270.06
trust deeds, 2550.07
New Zealand law in the Cook Islands, 730.05
Cook Islands Act 1915, 240.01, 240.02, 240.03, 240.04, 240.05, 240.06, 240.07, 240.08
New Zealand legislation, 240.05, 240.06
relationship property, 240.07
New Zealand legislation, 110.06, 201.05, 290.05, 380.02, 730.05
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.01, 240.02, 240.03, 240.05, 240.06, 240.07
existing laws, 130.05, 220.01, 220.06, 220.07
extraterritorial reach, 130.05
relationship property, 240.07
Non-resident beneficiaries
non-resident requirement, 570.04, 610.03
Section 22 (non-residence), 570.04
Non-resident requirement, 310.05, 520.02, 1040.06, 1150.08, 2630.04, 2650.06, 2650.08, 2690.05, 3010.02, C30.06, E20.02
AEOI Regulations, 2760.08
Belize, 2690.02
charitable purposes, 1020.03, 1020.04, 1020.08
Common Reporting Standard, 2620.09, 2760.08
formation on behalf of non-residents, 1330.02
foundation as beneficiary, 2070.02
Income Tax Act 1997, 2610.10, 2650.04
International companies, 2070.02, 2620.09, 2640.06, 3060.05
Nevis, 2690.02
non-residence requirement, 810.01
non-resident beneficiaries, 570.04, 610.03
purpose trusts, 1020.03, 1020.04, 1080.07
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2230.09, 350.08
Section 22 (non-residence), 570.04
Notification of the person concerned
duress events, 2590.06, A10.13
requests for information, 2730.06
tax information exchange, 2730.06
O
Offences and penalties, 430.04, 440.06, 710.05
accounting records, 1260.05, 1380.04
council composition, 1880.15, 2050.06
Onboarding, 2890.01, 2890.02, 2890.06, 2890.07
additions, distributions and benefits, 2890.04
changes of trustee company, 2890.05
explaining confidentiality to the client, 2890.03
One-year rule, 180.05, 350.05, 2090.06
accrual of cause of action, 2030.04, 2140.01, 2140.06, E30.02
Belize, 160.03, 1890.06, 2180.03, E50.03
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.07, 2180.03, 2180.04, 530.05, A20.05, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2220.05, 2230.07, 2470.02
Nevis, 160.03, 2030.10, E50.03
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 550.04
Pacific Heritage Bank v. Radke, 360.02, 540.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2120.02, 2140.06, 2170.05, 2220.06, 350.08, 530.05, 550.04, A20.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.01, 2140.08, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2230.07, 2470.02, 350.08
Operating agreements, 1220.03, 1220.04, 1310, 1310.01, 1310.07, 1320, 1330, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1370, 1380, 1390, 1410.05, B01.03, B20.02, B20.05, B20.06, B20.07, B20.10
application of other acts, 1220.07
articles of organisation, 1310.03
business entity versus trust, 1760.03
capital accounts, B20.04
care and good faith, 1460.02
charging orders, 1510.08, B10.10
company as a party, 1310.06
company's power, 1310.02
deadlock, B20.09
Delaware, 1460.04
drafting provisions on duties, 1460.07
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.01, 1390.02, 1390.03, 1390.04, 1390.05, 1390.06, 1390.07, 1390.08
duty of loyalty, 1460.03
expulsion of members, 1770.03, 1770.06, B20.08
Florida, 1310.08
foreign enterprise registration, 1220.08
foreign trust rules (Income Tax Act section 77), 1220.02
foundation instrument, 3080.05
foundation rules, 3080.01, 3080.02, 3080.03, 3080.04, 3080.05, 3080.06, 3080.07
irreducible core, 1460.05
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1510.08
LLC Act section 8 (non-waivable provisions), 1220.05
membership interests, B20.03
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1420.07, 1760.06, 1770.03, 1770.06, 1790.06
protectors, 1310.09, 1390.05, 1390.08, 1760.01, 1760.02, 1760.03, 1760.04, 1760.05, 1760.06, 1760.07, B10.02, B10.07, B10.17
Section 8(2), 1410.04
single-member LLCs, 1310.05, 1390.02, B10.01, B10.02, B10.03, B10.04, B10.05, B10.06, B10.07, B10.08, B10.09, B10.10, B10.11, B10.12, B10.13, B10.14, B10.15, B10.16, B10.17
Orange Grove litigation
accrual of cause of action, 2350.02
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 140.05, 540.05
conditions on suit, 2210.06
Gun Bo v. Asia Trust, 550.04
international trusts amendment act 1991, 540.01
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.09, 540.03
Pacific Heritage Bank v. Radke, 540.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 140.05, 2350.02, 540.02, 540.05, 550.04
Section 13J (trust not void), 540.02
P
Pacific Heritage Bank v. Radke, 360.02
costs, 2260.03
one-year rule, 540.04
Parliament of the Cook Islands, 120.05
amendment of the Constitution, 120.06
cabinet and Executive Council, 120.03
Constitution of the Cook Islands, 220.01
Cook Islands Act 1915, 230.05
Executive Council, 120.03
existing laws, 220.01
fundamental rights and the protective statutes, 120.07
House of Ariki, 120.04
Queen's Representative, 120.02
statutory instruments and regulations, 230.01, 230.02, 230.03, 230.04, 230.05, 230.06
structure of the Constitution, 120.01
supremacy of the Constitution, 120.08
Partnership classification
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.04, 1740.06, 1740.07, 1740.09
Form 2, B30.24
Form 8865, 2950.03
Passive foreign investment companies, 2950.04
council composition, 2970.04
FATCA, 2970.08
FBAR, 2970.01, 2970.02, 2970.03, 2970.05, 2970.06, 2970.07, 2970.08, 2970.09, 2990.07
protectors, 2970.04
reportable accounts, 2970.03
willful FBAR penalties, 2970.05
Pensions and trusts, 2630.04
Perpetuities, 520.01, 550.11, 601.02, 610.06, 1150.04
accumulation of income, 520.04, 670.04, 820.05
beneficial interests, 820.05
charitable purposes, 1020.02
from facilitation to protection, 510.05
no perpetuity limit, 1040.01
purpose trusts, 1010.06, 1020.02, 550.03
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 820.04
saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.05, 820.04
Section 16 (deregistration), 1160.05, 1160.06
Section 672(f), 2930.03, 2930.04
throwback rules, 2930.04
Personal liability of council members, 2160.02
council composition, 1880.15, 2050.06
exculpation clauses, 1930.07
exoneration clauses, 770.01, 770.06, 770.07, 770.10
Personal-relationship claims, 2070.05, 3020.02, 3020.03, 601.02, 630.04, A10.17, A20.17, C30.03
Belize, E50.03
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
firewall provisions, 2340.04, 2380.05, 2380.06
forced heirship, 2020.01, 2020.02, 2020.03, 2020.04, 2020.05, 2020.06, 2020.07, 2020.08, 2020.09, 2020.10, 2020.11, 2360.01, 670.05, 870.04
foundation holding LLC interests, 3040.04, 3040.07
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
Nevis, E50.03
Section 13E (heirship), 530.06, 870.04
Section 13I (foreign-law rights), 2020.10
Webb v. Webb, 670.05
Power of addition and exclusion, 750.01, 880.07
adding and removing beneficiaries, 810.07
excluded persons, 880.02
founder's reserved rights, 1950.02, 2010.02
founder's rights, 1950.02, 2010.02
protectors, 1950.06, 860.07, A10.02, A10.10, A10.11
reserved powers, 680.05, 950.07
Section 13C (reserved powers), 670.06, 950.07
Section 13F (spendthrift), 890.02
Precedent
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 270.04, 270.06
hierarchy of courts, 270.01
Privy Council, 270.02
Prime Minister, 110.04
Privacy, 760.05, 2070.07, 2801.06, 3020.04
arbitral awards, 2370.05
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.05
beneficiaries' access to information, 760.04
costs, 2260.03
disclosure in the course of administration, 760.06
discovery in U.S. litigation, 760.07, 760.10
duty to account, 760.01
Gun Bo v. Asia Trust, 2260.02
records of assets used by beneficiaries, 760.03
right to apply for directions, 760.09
secrecy offence (section 23), 1030.06, 2260.04, 2460.02, 560.06, 860.03
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2260.05, 560.09
Section 27C (records), 760.02
security for costs, 2260.01, 2260.03, 2260.04, 2260.05, 2260.06
statutory disclosure, 760.08
Texas, 760.10
trustees' duties, 760.01
Privy Council, 150.07, 270.02, 340
appeals to the Privy Council, 340.02
cases in which an appeal lies, 340.03
civil cases only, 340.04
constitutional right of appeal, 340.01
independence from New Zealand's choice, 340.05
Orange Grove litigation, 2480.08
Webb v. Webb, 340.06
See also Appeals to the Privy Council
Proceedings in camera, 1270.05, 1380.08
confidentiality of proceedings and information, 1270.03
hearings in camera, 2450.04, 2450.05
secrecy offence (section 23), 2450.05
Proceeds of Crime Act, 1870.13
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.09
criminal confiscation, 2370.09
Proper law. See Governing law
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 140.12, 1701.05, 1750.01, 1750.03, 1750.04
charging orders, 1750.05, 1770.03
committee proposal, 2170.04
expulsion of members, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
Form of the proposal, 1750.02
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.01, 1780.02, 1780.03, 1780.04, 1780.05, 1780.06, 1780.07, 1780.08
membership interests, 1780.08
operating agreements, 1420.07, 1760.06, 1770.06, 1790.06
proposal and the law, 1701.03
protectors, 1760.06
standard of proof, 1780.07
Protective trusts, 880.05
forfeiture, 850.01, 850.02, 850.03, 850.04, 850.05, 850.06, 850.07
restoration, 850.07
Section 13F (spendthrift), 850.05
trust periods, 850.02
Protector as fiduciary, A01.07
protectors, 3070.05, 901.04, 930.01, 930.02, 930.03, 930.04, 930.05, 930.06
Section 20 (protectors), 930.02
Protectors, 1950.01, 1950.03, 1950.04, 1950.06, 2550.06, 560.04, 860.07, 910, 920, 920.06, 920.07, 930, 940, 940.02, 940.03, 950, 970, 980, 990, A10.10, A10.11, A30.04, E20.03
amendments from 1991 to 2013, 140.04
change of governing law, 1140.11, A10.14, E20.04
contempt of court, 2530.01, 2530.02, 980.01, 980.06
co-trustees, 1360.08
council composition, 2970.04
Court test and control test, 2910.05
duress clauses, 2550.02, 2590.06, 3070.05, 970.07, 980.01, 980.06, 990.02, 990.03, A10.13, E20.04
duress events, 2590.06, 3070.05, 990.02, A10.13
enforcers, 1030.04
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2910.05
founder's reserved rights, 1950.02, 1950.07
functions the serves, 940.01
managers, and amendment, 1790.03
nominated persons for beneficiaries, 920.08
operating agreements, 1310.09, 1390.05, 1390.08, 1760.01, 1760.02, 1760.03, 1760.04, 1760.05, 1760.06, 1760.07, B10.02, B10.07, B10.17
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.04
power of addition and exclusion, A10.02
protector as fiduciary, 930.01, 930.02, 930.03, 930.04, 930.05, 930.06
removal of a by the Court, 940.05
reserved powers, 950.01, 950.06, 950.07
secrecy and other enactments, 550.09
Section 13C (reserved powers), 950.01, 950.06, 950.07
Section 13G (governing law), 1140.11, A10.14
Section 20 (protectors), 720.04, 920.04, 920.05, 930.02, A20.11
settlor as trustee, 620.04
single-member LLCs, B10.02, B10.07, B10.17
terms of appointment, 940.07
See also Reserved powers
Public beneficial ownership registers, 2850.08
Public file, 1810.04, 1960.01, 1970.02, 1970.04, 2850.08
beneficiaries' information rights, 1970.01
copies of the rules, 1970.07
court's power to override the rules, 1970.03
no statutory confidentiality offence, 1970.06
public register, E50.02
public register of foundations, 1970.05
regulatory and law-enforcement access, 1970.08
Public policy, 660.03, 1830.02, 1830.03
charitable purposes, 1020.05, 1020.06, 1020.08
firewall provisions, 2310.08, 2370.03
purpose trusts, 1020.05, 1020.06, 1070.05
Public register of foundations, 580.08, 1870.11
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.07
member-managed LLCs, 1340.07
public file, 1970.05
Purpose trusts, 520.07, 1001.03, 1010, 1010.01, 1010.02, 1010.07, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1040.03, 1070, 1070.01, 1070.07, 1080, 1080.04, 1830.09
anomalous exceptions, 1010.03
asset protection, 1080.03
character of the statutory, 1070.03
charitable purposes, 1020.01, 1020.02, 1020.03, 1020.04, 1020.05, 1020.06, 1020.07, 1020.08
commercial purpose trusts, 1080.01
enforcers, 1020.08, 1070.06, 1070.08, 3050.06
family purpose trusts, 1080.02
foreign recognition, 1080.06
holding a particular asset, 1080.05
mixed purpose and person trusts, 1010.04, 1020.07
Nevis, 1020.06
non-resident requirement, 1020.03
perpetuities, 1010.06, 1020.02, 550.03
private trust companies, 1080.02
purpose foundation, 1070.05
repeal and savings, 1070.04
statutory of 1981–82, 1070.02
tax and reporting, 1080.07
Purposive construction, 2850.05
Q
Queen's Representative, 120.02, 150.01, 530.08
Chief Justice, 150.06, 310.04, 310.08
Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, 150.06, 310.04, 310.08
R
Real estate holding, 2090.06, 3010.05
charging orders, 1280.10, 1530.03
operating agreements, 1720.06, 1790.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2150.03, 2170.05
Section 13H (limits on relief), 630.06, 640.06
Recognition of foreign insolvency
arbitral awards, 2370.06
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.06
bankruptcy of beneficiary, 2250.09
cross-border insolvency, 2250.08
foreign receivers, 2250.05
foreign trustees, 2250.05
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04, 2250.06, 2250.07, 2250.08, 2250.09
Redemption of interests, 1601.03, 1690.08
charging orders, 1530.08
economic and governance rights, 1630.02
expulsion of members, 1330.09, 1630.01, 1630.02, 1630.03, 1630.04, 1630.05, 1630.06, 1630.07, 1630.08, 1630.09
forfeiture, 1630.06
Nevis, 1650.08
operating agreements, 3080.04, B10.16, B20.10
suspension of LLCs, 1650.08
Redomiciliation. See Transfer of domicile
Registered agents, 1260.01, 1260.02, 1870.07, 1910.06, 1980.05, 1980.06, 1980.07, B30.04
accounting records, 1260.05, 1980.02, 1980.03
accounts and audit, 1260.08, 1980.02, 1980.04
beneficiaries' information rights, 1260.07
enforcers, 1850.12
foundation instrument, 1840.07
foundation registration, C40.01
foundation rules, 1850.04, 1850.05, 1850.12, C20.08
information rights of members, 1260.07
involuntary dissolution and the agent, 1260.09
protectors, 1290.03
registered office, 1260.06, 1980.01, 1980.03
Registrar's forms (foundations), C40.01
Registrar's records, 1980.08
resignation of the agent, 1260.03
service out of the jurisdiction, 1260.04
transfer of domicile, 1290.03
Registered office, 520.09, 580.06, 710.09, 1260.06, 1380.02, 1980.01, D10.04, D20.03, D30.03
accounting records, 1980.03
trust deeds, 580.07
Registrar, 1230.03, 150.03, 1870.01, 1870.02, 1870.04, 1870.05, 1870.06, 1870.09, 1870.12, 1870.13, 1870.14, 1980.08, 410.04, 470.08
access to registry information, 470.07
annual renewal, 1870.08
bearer shares, 470.11
charging orders, 1870.10
definition of trustee company, 1230.05
five statutes, one registry, 101.03
forms, fees and regulations, 1230.07
foundation registration, C40.01
involuntary dissolution and the agent, 1260.09
limited liability companies office, 1230.01
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 1870.10
one five registers, 470.01
online registry, 470.02
registry statistics, 470.10
Section 16 (deregistration), 470.05
suspension of LLCs, 1650.05
winding up, C40.01
Registrar's forms (foundations), 1870.02, 1870.04, 1870.06, 1870.14, 1890.07, C01.02, D30.01, D30.04
annual renewal, 1870.08
events that need a filing, D80.01
foundation capital, 1860.01, 1860.10
foundation instrument, 1840.03, 1840.04, 1840.08, C10.01, C10.02, C10.03
foundation registration, C40.01
order of establishment, C01.10
Registration of trusts, 1150.08, 2290.06, 260.03, 520.09, 690.06, A10.17, A20.17, A30.08, D10.01
International Relationship Property Trusts Act 2021, 140.11, 560.08
regulatory confidentiality, 650.01, 650.04
relationship property, 140.11, 560.08
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2150.06, 260.04
Section 16 (deregistration), 1160.04, 1160.05, 1160.08, 650.04, D40.06
Webb v. Webb, 950.03
Regulatory confidentiality, 650.01
interval before registration, 650.03
registration operates from settlement, 650.02
Section 16 (deregistration), 650.04
Relationship property
Cook Islands Act 1915, 240.07
International Relationship Property Trusts Act 2021, 140.11, 560.08
New Zealand legislation, 240.07
Webb v. Webb, 2680.01
Remedy for fraudulent disposition, 2040.01
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
hastings-Bass principle, 1180.03
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.01, 2220.03, 2220.09, 540.03
mistake and rescission, 1180.03
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2220.01, 2220.03, 2220.09, 2430.07, 540.03
Removal of trustees
contempt of court, 2530.02, 980.06
Court test and control test, 2910.05, 2910.06
duress clauses, 980.06, 990.02, 990.03
enforcers, 1030.04, 1030.08, 3050.06
protectors, 1030.04, 2510.06, 2530.02, 2550.06, 2910.05, 790.06, 920.03, 940.04, 940.07, 990.02, 990.03
Repeal and savings, 110.06, 290.05, 730.05
accumulation of income, 250.08
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 250.06
Cook Islands Act 1915, 240.04, 240.05
English law as at 14 January 1840, 250.01, 250.02, 250.03, 250.04, 250.05, 250.06, 250.07, 250.08
extraterritorial reach, 130.01, 130.03
firewall provisions, 2330.07, 2330.08
International companies, 140.10, 2640.04
New Zealand legislation, 220.06, 240.05
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 140.12, 1750.02
purpose trusts, 1070.04
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2330.07, 2330.08
Section 615 repeal and restoration, 250.04
Reportable accounts, 2620.06
AEOI Regulations, 2760.01, 2760.03
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2760.01, 2770.03
competent authority, 2610.13, D60.01
FBAR, 2970.03
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.07
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.03
Reporting entities, 2820.01, 2820.08
duty of care standard, 2840.01, 2840.13
extent of application, 2820.05
lawyers and accountants, 2820.04
licensed financial institutions, 2820.02
monitored transactions, 2820.06
small practices and exemptions, 2820.07
specified activities, 2820.03
Requests for information, 2701.04
competent authority, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.07, 2730.08
notification of the person concerned, 2730.06
tax information exchange, 2720.04, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.06, 2730.07, 2730.08
Reserved powers
protectors, 950.01, 950.06, 950.07
retained powers and benefits, 2160.07, 670.03
retained powers in foreign courts, 680.05
Section 13C (reserved powers), 950.01, 950.02, 950.04, 950.05, 950.06, 950.07
Webb v. Webb, 950.03
See also Section 13C (reserved powers)
Resettlement. See Decanting
Residence for tax purposes, 530.08, 940.03, 1590.05, 1710.06, 1910.07, 2630.06, 2650.06, 2770.02, 2901.07, 3010.02
AEOI Regulations, 2760.08
beneficiaries and residence, 690.04
charitable purposes, 1020.03
clauses 1 and 4, A20.02
company residence test (2023), 2610.05
Court test and control test, 2910.06
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2630.03, 2630.06, 2910.06
foundation capital, 1860.02
Income Tax Act 1997, 2610.02, 2610.03, 2610.04, 2610.05, 2610.07, 2630.07
International companies, 2640.05, 3060.02
no residence requirement, 1960.02, C01.06
non-residence condition, 1240.02
non-residence of trustees, 710.07
non-resident beneficiaries, 570.04, 610.03
non-resident requirement, 1020.03, 1040.06, 1330.02, 2650.08, 2660.04, 2760.08, 570.04, 610.03, 810.01, E20.02
resident beneficiaries, 2630.08
Section 22 (non-residence), 810.02
value added tax, 2660.04
Restoration
forfeiture, 850.07
protective trusts, 850.07
Section 22 (non-residence), 1250.07
suspension of LLCs, 1250.01, 1250.02, 1250.03, 1250.04, 1250.05, 1250.06, 1250.07, 1650.03
Revenue rule, 390.08, 2630.09, 2680.03, 2690.05
firewall provisions, 2680.02
foreign revenue and penal claims, 370.04
foreign revenue claims, 390.07
penal and public laws, 2680.04
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2680.02
Webb v. Webb, 2680.01
Revocable trusts
protectors, 1950.06, 2530.02, 930.06, A10.12
reserved powers, 950.06, 950.07
Section 13C (reserved powers), 950.06, 950.07
settlor reserved powers, 1170.04, 2060.05, 670.02, 910.06
Webb v. Webb, 1170.04
Risk-based approach, 590.03
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.02, 2830.03
duty of care standard, 2830.07, D50.02, D50.03
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.02, D50.03
life insurance and trusts, 2830.04
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.01, 2830.02, 2830.03, 2830.04, 2830.05, 2830.06, 2830.07, 2830.08
suspicious transaction reports, 2810.03, 2860.01, 2860.08, 2860.09
Rule against perpetuities, 520.01, 550.11
accumulation of income, 520.04, 670.04, 820.05
charitable purposes, 1020.02
perpetuities, 1010.06, 1150.04, 520.04, 550.03, 670.04, 820.05
S
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 520.01, 590.03, 1110.04
accumulation of income, 820.04
beneficial interests, 820.04
rule in Saunders v. Vautier, 1130.01
self-settled trusts, 960.06
settlor as beneficiary, 960.06
v. Vautier, 520.05
v. Vautier extended, 560.02
Secrecy. See Secrecy offence (section 23)
Secrecy offence (section 23)
A v. B (Cook Islands High Court), 2460.02
applications for directions and confidentiality, 320.08
assistance to overseas regulators, 420.08
enforcers, 1030.06
FATCA, 2750.08
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.09
hearings in camera, 2450.03, 2450.05
international trusts amendment act 2004, 560.06
proceedings in camera, 2450.05
qualifications and disqualifications, 1910.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2130.06
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.09
security for costs, 2260.04
standard of proof, 2130.06
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2160.06, 2201.02
bankruptcy of beneficiary, 2250.09
conditions on suit, 2210.01, 2210.04, 2210.07
cross-border insolvency, 2250.08
firewall provisions, 2340.04, 2390.03
foreign receivers, 2250.05
foreign trustees, 2250.05
fraudulent dispositions, 2110.03, E30.04
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04, 2250.06, 2250.07, 2250.08, 2250.09, 2370.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2110.03, 2210.07, 2290.07, 550.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 560.09, 2101.05, 2120.01, 2120.03, 2120.04, 2120.06, 2120.07, 2190.10
accrual of cause of action, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2140.07, 2350.02
arbitral awards, 2130.04, 2350.05
Belize, 2180.03
citation of Cook Islands authorities, 360.01
conditions on suit, 2210.07, 2210.09
constructive trusts, 2240.03
costs, 2260.03
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 2460.05, 360.05
exclusive remedy, 2160.03, 2240.02, 2240.03, 2240.07, 2240.08, 2240.09, 2240.10
firewall provisions, 2340.04, 2350.01
five elements, 2120.02
fraudulent dispositions, 2110.01, 2110.02, 2110.03, 2110.04, 2110.05, 2120.05, 2180.03, 260.04, 530.05, 910.04, A20.05, E30.04
freezing orders, 2430.07
Gun Bo v. Asia Trust, 2260.02
intent to defraud, 2120.05, 2150.06, 530.05
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2490.01
law reports, 360.01
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2220.06, 2220.09, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.06, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.07, 350.08, 540.03, 550.07, 560.03
Nevada, 2160.08
Nevis, 2030.10
Orange Grove litigation, 140.05, 2210.06, 2350.02, 540.05, 550.04
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2340.04, 2350.01
Section 13H (limits on relief), 540.02
Section 13J (trust not void), 540.02
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2210.09, 2220.06, 2220.09, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.06, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.07, 2430.07, 2490.01, 350.08, 540.03, 550.07, 560.03
Section 16 (deregistration), 2160.08
security for costs, 2260.05
solvency tests, 2150.01, 2150.02, 2150.03, 2150.04, 2150.05, 2150.06
standard of proof, 2030.10, 2130.04, 2130.06, 2230.04, E30.04
Section 13C (reserved powers)
13C in context, 910.03
objective nullity and section 13C, 670.06
protectors, 950.01, 950.06, 950.07
reserved powers, 950.01, 950.02, 950.04, 950.05, 950.06, 950.07
settlor as trustee, 710.06
Webb v. Webb, 950.03
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2310, 2320, 2330, 2340, 2350, 2360, 2370, 2380, 2390
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.03
common-law action on a judgment, 2320.07
firewall provisions, 2040.05, 2310.08, 2320.07, 2330.01, 2330.02, 2330.03, 2330.04, 2330.05, 2330.06, 2330.07, 2330.08, 2340.01, 2340.02, 2340.03, 2340.04, 2340.05, 2340.06, 2340.07, 2340.08, 2340.09, 2350.01, 2360.06, 2370.03, 2390.06, 2680.02, 370.02, 550.05
forced heirship, 2360.06
Orange Grove litigation, 2330.03, 2340.09
Revenue rule, 2680.02
Section 13E (heirship), 630.04, 660.01, 2070.05, 3020.03
forced heirship, 2020.09, 2020.10, 2360.01, 2360.04, 670.05, 870.04
personal-relationship claims, 2020.09, 2360.01, 670.05, 870.04
Section 13I (foreign-law rights), 2020.10
Section 13F (spendthrift), 801.03, 801.04, 2070.05
beneficial interests, 820.01, 820.06
forfeiture, 850.05
power of addition and exclusion, 890.02
protective trusts, 850.05, 880.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 260.04, 560.09
settlor as beneficiary, 960.03, 960.08
spendthrift provisions, 840.01, 840.02, 840.03, 840.04, 840.05, 840.06, 840.07, 880.04, 960.03, A10.07, A20.07
Section 13G (governing law), 660.04
change of governing law, 1140.01, 1140.02, 1140.03, 1140.04, 1140.05, 1140.06, 1140.07, 1140.08, 1140.09, 1140.10, 1140.11, 970.03, A10.14
duress clauses, 970.03, 970.04
mistake and rescission, 1180.04
Section 13H (limits on relief), 1150.08, 660.01, A10.03, A20.04
arbitral awards, 2370.04
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.04
attorneys and other representatives, 630.06
Hawaii, 640.06
matters determined by Cook Islands law, 660.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 540.02, 560.09
Section 13J (trust not void), 540.02
Section 13I (foreign-law rights), 630.04, 2070.05, 2501.03, 3020.02, C30.03
exclusive remedy, 2160.03, 2240.06
firewall provisions, 2340.04, 2370.03
forced heirship, 2020.09, 2020.10, 2360.02, 2360.04
personal-relationship claims, 2020.09, 2020.10
Section 13J (trust not void), 690.06
community property, 870.06
firewall provisions, 2340.07, 2390.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 540.02, 560.09
Section 13K (migrated trusts)
accrual of cause of action, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2140.07, 2140.08
beyond reasonable doubt standard, 2230.04, 2410.05
charging orders, 2440.01
conditions on suit, 2210.09
exclusive remedy, 2240.05
fraudulent dispositions, 540.03
freezing orders, 2230.10, 2430.03, 2430.07
Judicature Act 1980–81, 2490.01
migration to the Cook Islands, 1150.05, 1150.06, 2040.03, 2130.05, 2140.01, 2140.02, 2140.03, 2140.07, 2140.08, 2210.09, 2220.01, 2220.02, 2220.03, 2220.04, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2220.07, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.03, 2230.05, 2230.06, 2230.07, 2230.08, 2230.09, 2230.10, 2240.05, 2270.03, 2270.08, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.05, 2410.06, 2410.07, 2430.03, 2430.07, 2440.01, 2470.02, 2490.01, 2490.02, 350.08, 540.03, 550.07, 560.03
Orange Grove litigation, 2210.06, 2230.03, 540.05
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2140.04, 2140.05, 2140.06, 2220.06, 2220.09, 2230.01, 2230.02, 2230.06, 2290.07, 2410.04, 2410.07, 350.08, 550.07, 560.03
Section 16 (deregistration), 2270.03, 2270.08
security for costs, 2470.02
Section 16 (deregistration), 580.04, 1160.01, 1160.05, 2270.01
Belize, 1160.09
change of law, 1160.02
consequences of deregistration, 1160.06
Cook Islands trustee, 1160.03
deregistered trusts, 2270.07
deregistration and its consequences, 580.05
deregistration of a departing trust, 1160.07
migrating out and deregistration, 1190.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2270.02, 2270.03, 2270.08
Nevada, 2160.08
Nevis, 1160.09
purpose trusts, 1040.08
renewal and deregistration of international trusts, 470.05
resignation on deregistration, 460.06, 790.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2160.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2270.03, 2270.08
Section 27C (records), 1160.08
suspension of LLCs, D40.01, D40.02, D40.03, D40.04, D40.05, D40.06
Section 19 duties and exoneration, 750.02, 790.11, 1260.02
custodian's other powers, 750.09
default delegation to professionals, 750.05
discretionary trusts, 830.03
exoneration clauses, 770.03, 770.04, 770.10
part IIIA, 730.06
Section 20 (protectors), 2850.08
compulsory disclosure of information, 420.05
duress clauses, 990.02, E20.04
protector as fiduciary, 930.02, 930.06
protectors, 1030.04, 140.04, 550.09, 590.01, 720.04, 920.04, 920.05, 920.07, 920.08, 930.02, 930.06, 940.05, 940.07, 990.02, A10.11, A20.11
trust deeds, 920.05
Section 22 (non-residence)
22 and the resident beneficiary, 810.02
non-resident beneficiaries, 570.04, 610.03
non-resident requirement, 570.04, 610.03
restoration, 1250.05, 1250.06, 1250.07, 1650.03
suspension of LLCs, 1250.05, 1250.06, 1250.07, 1650.02, 1650.03, 1650.04, D40.04
Section 27C (records), 580.09, 860.04
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 560.07
Section 16 (deregistration), 1160.08, D40.02, D40.06
Section 548(e)
ten-year rule of section 548(e), 2560.03
Section 6048
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.03, 2930.08
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.01, 2940.02, 2940.03, 2940.04, 2940.05, 2940.10, 2990.01
foundation classification abroad, 2960.04, 2960.06
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.01, 2940.02, 2940.03, 2940.04, 2940.05, 2940.10
Section 672(f), 2930.03, 2930.08
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.01, 2990.02, 2990.09
Section 6677 penalties, 2940.01, 2940.10
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.01, 2940.02, 2940.03, 2940.04, 2940.05, 2940.06, 2940.07, 2940.08, 2940.09, 2940.10, 2990.01
foundation classification abroad, 2960.02, 2960.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 2940.09
Section 672(f)
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
foreign grantor trusts, 2930.02
grantor trusts, 2930.02, 2960.05
throwback rules, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
Section 684, 2920.02, 2920.03, 2920.04
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2920.03, 2920.06, 2920.08
grantor trusts, 2920.01, 2920.04, 2920.06, 2920.07, 2920.08, 2920.09
loans from foreign trusts, 2920.05
self-settled trusts, 2920.02
trust property, 2920.05
Section 727 denial of discharge
denial of discharge, 2560.05
Section 7701(a)(30) and (31), 2901.06
Section 96C (United States not reportable)
AEOI Regulations, 2760.01, 2760.03, 2760.09
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2760.01, 2760.09, D60.02, E60.02
FATCA, 2750.02, D60.02, D60.03
Section 96C, 2710.04
Security for costs, 320.07, 2040.07, 2470.01, 2470.03, 2470.04, 2470.07
costs, 2260.03
Gun Bo v. Asia Trust, 2260.02
migration to the Cook Islands, 2470.02
privacy, 2260.01, 2260.03, 2260.04, 2260.05, 2260.06
secrecy offence (section 23), 2260.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2260.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2470.02
trustee's costs, 2470.05
vexatious litigants, 2470.06
Self-certification, 2790.05
Self-government (1965), 310.01, E10.01
changes in the institutions since 1965, 110.07
Constitution act 1964, 110.03
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 240.03
Self-settled trusts, 2570.03, 2920.02
discretionary trusts, 960.05
grantor trusts, 2920.02
Rush v. Sessions decision, 2180.06, 680.03
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 960.06
saunders v. Vautier rule, 960.06
settlor as beneficiary, 810.05, 960.01, 960.02, 960.03, 960.04, 960.05, 960.07, 960.08, A20.06
spendthrift provisions, 960.03, 960.04
See also Sham trusts
Settlor as beneficiary
discretionary trusts, 960.05
expatriation, 2980.03, 2980.05, 2980.10
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 960.06
saunders v. Vautier rule, 960.06
self-settled trusts, 810.05, 960.01, 960.02, 960.03, 960.04, 960.05, 960.07, 960.08, A20.06
Settlor reserved powers, 670.02
contempt of court, 2530.01, 2530.02
enforcers, 2060.05
revocable trusts, 1170.04, 2060.05, 910.06
Webb v. Webb, 1170.04
Settlors, 1020.03, 1720.04, 2160.01, 2220.10, 2420.03, 2490.04, 2510.07, 2590.07, 2630.09, 2920.01, 2920.03, 2920.04, 2920.07, 2920.08, 2920.09, 2950.07, 3020.02, 620, 630.03, 680.04, 690.03, 690.05, 690.06, 910.04, A01.07, A30.06
Anderson case, 2530.01, 780.05
common-law action on a judgment, 2320.03, 2320.08
contempt of court, 2530.01, 2530.02, 2560.04
discretionary trusts, 830.04, 830.05, 960.05
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
duress clauses, 980.03, 990.02
duty of care standard, 450.05, 620.05
expatriation, 2980.03, 2980.05, 2980.08
grantor trusts, 2920.01, 2920.04, 2920.06, 2920.07, 2920.08, 2920.09, 2930.02
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.08
member-managed LLCs, 1340.08
multiple and spouses, 620.03
New York, 2550.07
protector as fiduciary, 930.06
protectors, 2510.06, 2530.02, 2550.07, 530.06, 620.04, 930.06, 940.02, 990.02, A10.12
reserved powers, 950.06, 950.07
resulting trusts, 1040.04
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2120.02, 2120.06, 2130.04, 2150.06, 2190.09, 2190.10, 550.04, 910.04
Section 13C (reserved powers), 670.06, 710.06, 950.06, 950.07
Section 13F (spendthrift), 840.06
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2220.10
Section 672(f), 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
self-settled trusts, 2920.02, 810.05, 960.01, 960.02, 960.04, 960.07, 960.08, A20.06
settlor as beneficiary, 810.05, 960.01, 960.02, 960.03, 960.04, 960.05, 960.07, 960.08, A20.06
settlor as trustee, 620.04, 710.06
spendthrift provisions, 840.06, 960.03
standard of proof, 2130.04, 2130.06
trust property, 1180.06, 2920.05
Trustee Companies Act 2014, 620.05
Single-member LLCs, 1570.02
bankruptcy estate, 1570.03
bankruptcy of a member, 1570.01
charging orders, 1540.09, 1570.01, 1570.03, 1570.05, 1580.05, B10.10
death and incompetency, 1570.06
dissolution of an entity member, 1570.07
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.02
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.05
exclusive remedy, 1540.09
Florida, 1580.05
intestacy and creditors of the deceased, 1570.08
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), B10.10
multi-member companies in American bankruptcy, 1570.04
operating agreements, 1310.05, 1390.02, B10.01, B10.02, B10.03, B10.04, B10.05, B10.06, B10.07, B10.08, B10.09, B10.11, B10.12, B10.13, B10.14, B10.15, B10.16, B10.17
protectors, B10.02, B10.07, B10.17
single-member company, 1570.09
transfer of domicile, B10.15
winding up, B10.14
Solvency, 1440.06, 2030.03, 3010.04, A30.06, C40.05
arbitral awards, 2370.01, 2370.02, 2370.04, 2370.05, 2370.07, 2370.08
Arbitration Act 2009, 2370.01, 2370.02, 2370.04, 2370.06, 2370.07, 2370.08
bankruptcy of beneficiary, 2250.09
Belize, 160.03, 2180.03, 2280.02
criminal confiscation, 2370.09
cross-border insolvency, 2250.08
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.03, 2180.03, E30.04
insolvency officeholders, 2310.07
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
Proceeds of Crime Act, 2370.09
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.03
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04, 2250.06, 2250.07, 2250.08, 2250.09, 2370.06
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.06, 2250.07
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2120.06, 2150.01, 2150.02, 2150.03, 2150.04, 2150.05, 2150.06
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2370.03
Solvency tests, 2030.03, 3020.02
intent to defraud, 2150.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2120.06, 2150.01, 2150.02, 2150.03, 2150.04, 2150.05, 2150.06
Spendthrift provisions, 2050.02, A10.07, A20.07
Section 13F (spendthrift), 840.01, 840.02, 840.03, 840.04, 840.05, 840.06, 840.07
self-settled trusts, 960.03, 960.04
settlor as beneficiary, 960.03, 960.04
spendthrift restriction, 880.04
Spontaneous and automatic exchange, 2601.04, 2620.06, 2620.07, 2701.04
AEOI Regulations, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.01, 2760.04, 2760.06, 2760.09
Common Reporting Standard, 2670.07, 2701.03, 2710.03, 2710.07, 2760.01, 2760.04, 2760.06, 2760.09, D60.02
competent authority, 2610.13, 2720.06, D60.01
EU and OECD listing, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.08, 2740.01, 2740.05, 2740.06
FATCA, 2701.03, D60.01, D60.02
Global Forum peer reviews, 170.05, 2670.01, 2670.07, 2670.08, 2740.01, 2740.05, 2740.06
Standard of proof, 350.03, 2130.02
arbitral awards, 2130.04
beyond reasonable doubt standard, 2130.01, 2230.04
fraudulent dispositions, 1780.07, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2130.05
Nevis, 2030.10
no imputed intent, 2130.03
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1780.07
secrecy offence (section 23), 2130.06
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2030.10, 2130.04, 2130.06, 2150.06, E30.04
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2130.05, 2230.04
solvency tests, 2150.06
Statute of Elizabeth. See Fraudulent dispositions
Statutory instruments and regulations, 201.05
acts of the Cook Islands Parliament, 230.01
Cook Islands Act 1915, 210.05, 230.05
international conventions, 230.06
ordinances and bylaws, 230.04
principal acts and amending acts, 230.02
subsidiary legislation, 230.03
Streamlined procedures and remediation, 2460.03, 2901.03, 2990.04, 2990.06, 2990.09, D70.02
allocating responsibility, 2990.08
contesting a penalty, 2990.05
FBAR, 2990.07
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.10, 2990.01
grantor trusts, 2990.07
open limitations period, 2990.02
reasonable cause, 2990.03
Strike out and summary judgment
firewall provisions, 2340.08, 2390.06
Subpart F and GILTI, 2950.04
Succession planning, 2090.01, 3020.03
civil-law foundations, 2020.12
enforcers, 2010.04
foundation capital, 2010.09
founder's reserved rights, 2010.02, 2010.03
founder's rights, 2010.02, 2010.03
Liechtenstein, 2020.12
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.06
member-managed LLCs, 1340.06
operating agreements, B10.11, B20.07
protectors, 940.04
removal of protectors, 940.04
single-member LLCs, B10.11
succession vehicles, 2010.01, 2010.04, 2010.05, 2010.06, 2010.07, 2010.08, 2010.09, 2010.10
Succession vehicles, 2010.01, 2010.05, 2010.06, 2010.07, 2010.08
enforcers, 2010.04
features summarised, 2010.10
foundation capital, 2010.09
Suspension of LLCs, 1650.02
deadlock, 1650.09
dissolution by operation of law, 1650.04
Nevis, 1650.08
Notice and cure, 1650.06
redemption of interests, 1650.08
Registrar's action for involuntary dissolution, 1650.05
restoration, 1250.01, 1250.02, 1250.03, 1250.04, 1250.05, 1250.06, 1250.07, 1650.03
review on events, 3090.05
Section 16 (deregistration), D40.01, D40.02, D40.03, D40.04, D40.05, D40.06
Section 22 (non-residence), 1250.07
Suspicious activity reports, 2801.06, 2870.01, D90.01
duty of care standard, 2840.06, 2840.12, D50.04
suspicious transaction reports, 2860.02, 2860.06, 2860.09, 480.03
Suspicious transaction reports, 401.03, 2801.06
APG and mutual evaluations, 480.05, 480.06
APG mutual evaluation, 480.06
duty of care standard, 2840.06, D50.04
EU and OECD listing, 480.05
Financial Intelligence Unit, 150.08, 2810.03, 480.01, 480.02, 480.03, 480.04, 480.07, 480.08
suspicious activity reports, 2860.06
tipping off, 2860.01, 2860.02, 2860.03, 2860.04, 2860.05, 2860.06, 2860.07, 2860.08, 2860.09
T
Tax exemptions (international sector), 1710.01, 2601.03, 2620.01, 2690.05, E60.01
1995–96 relocation to section 27B, 2620.05
corporate income tax, 140.10
foreign trusts (U.S. tax), 2630.06, 2780.06
International companies, 140.10, 2640.03, 2640.06
Nevis, 2690.02
relation to section 27B, 2630.05
removal of the international company exemption (2019), 2640.03
Tax information exchange, 2720.04
competent authority, 2720.06, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.07, 2730.08
notification of the person concerned, 2730.06
requests for information, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.06, 2730.07, 2730.08
See also FATCA
Taxation of foundations (Cook Islands), 2650.07
Termination of trusts, 1170, 1170.01, 1880.03, 1880.11, A10.24
cancellation of an inbound registration, 1880.06
council composition, 1880.15
declaration of compliance, 1880.04
drafting slips, 1880.17
effect of inbound registration, 1880.05
effect of transfer, 1880.09
failure of the trusts, 1170.06
High Court's supervisory powers, 1880.16
migration to the Cook Islands, 1880.02
objections to transfer, 1880.10
order of distribution, 1880.14
outbound application, 1880.08
outbound transfer, 1880.07
statutory termination date, 1170.03
termination by the beneficiaries, 1170.05
trust deeds, 3070.08
Terrorist financing, 430.09
Texas
charging orders, 1710.06
discovery in U.S. litigation, 760.10
entity classification (U.S.), 1740.09
Form 8832, 1740.09
investment accounts, 1710.06
privacy, 760.10
Throwback rules, 2920.08, 2920.09
distributions to U.S. beneficiaries, 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
foreign grantor trusts, 2930.02
grantor trusts, 2920.08, 2920.09, 2930.02
Section 672(f), 2930.01, 2930.03, 2930.04, 2930.05, 2930.06, 2930.07, 2930.08
TIEAs. See Tax information exchange
Timing of transfers, 1150.08, 2290.02, 2290.05
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2230.07, 560.03
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2101.05, 2130.04, 2350.05, 2460.05
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.08, 2230.07, 2430.03, 560.03
Tipping off
suspicious activity reports, 2860.06
suspicious transaction reports, 2860.01, 2860.02, 2860.03, 2860.04, 2860.05, 2860.06, 2860.07, 2860.08, 2860.09
Transfer of domicile, 1280.01, 1280.07, 1680.01, 1680.03, 1680.06, B30.18, D80.03
approval of an outbound transfer, 1680.05
certificate of transfer, 1280.03
charging orders, 1280.10
continuity of the entity, 1280.04
conversion of entities, 1680.10
departure under pressure, 1680.08
effect of an inbound transfer, 1680.02
Florida, 1280.10
foreign LLC registration, 1280.08, 1280.09
foreign LLCs, 1280.08, 1280.09
International companies, 1680.09
into the Cook Islands, 1280.02
Nevis, 1680.04, 1680.07, 1680.10
Ohio, 1280.05
operating agreements, B10.15
out of the Cook Islands, 1280.06
single-member LLCs, B10.15
See also Conversion
Trust advisers, 750.11
drafting the operating agreement, 1390.01, 1390.04, 1390.08
manager-managed LLCs, 1340.04, 1340.08
member-managed LLCs, 1340.04, 1340.08
Trust companies, 490.01, 520.09, 750.11, 1150.01, 1150.08
Anderson case, 780.05
co-trustees, 710.04, 710.10, 780.05
duress clauses, 970.07, 980.01, 990.02, 990.03
family purpose trusts, 1080.02
private trust companies, 1080.02
protectors, 1290.03, 940.02, 940.07, 970.07, 980.01, 990.02, 990.03
Trust deeds, 640.02, 640.04, 1120.05, 3070.01
1996 transitional power, 1120.10
accumulation of income, 1120.09
beneficial provisions, 3070.03
change of governing law, 1140.03, 970.03
Constitution of trusts, 640.03
construction of the power, 1120.02
declarations of trust, 3070.02
duress clauses, 3070.05, 970.03
express power of variation, 1120.01
fiduciary relationship, 1120.03
foreign formalities, 640.05
governing law, forum and registration, 3070.06
Hawaii, 640.06
operating agreements, 1310.09, 3080.07
proceedings and foreign orders, 3070.07
protectors, 1030.04, 1310.09, 2550.07, 3070.05, 590.01, 920.04, 920.05, 930.04
registered office, 580.07
Section 13G (governing law), 1140.03, 660.04
Section 13H (limits on relief), 640.06
Section 20 (protectors), 920.04, 920.05
strument as the principal source, 1110.02
trust instrument, 640.01
trustee provisions, 3070.04
trust's name and title to property, 640.07
variation, migration and termination, 3070.08
variation of the vesting period, 1120.08
vested and contingent interests, 1120.04
Trust periods, 880.01, 880.07, A20.08
discretionary trusts, 830.01, 880.03, A10.06
forfeiture, 850.02, 850.03, 850.07
protective trusts, 850.02, 850.03, 850.05
spendthrift provisions, 880.04, A10.07
trust property, A10.08
Trust property, 2290.06, 2920.05, 680.01, A10.04, A10.21, A30.02
decanting, 1120.06
discretionary trusts, 880.03, A10.06
duress clauses, 970.05, 980.01, 990.02
exoneration clauses, 770.09
firewall provisions, 2320.07, 2340.07, 2340.09, 2390.03
forced heirship, 2360.03, 2360.06
loans from foreign trusts, 2920.05
mistake and rescission, 1180.06
protectors, 1180.06, 2550.04, 930.04, 980.01, 990.02
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2320.07, 2340.07, 2340.09, 2360.06
trust periods, A10.08
trustees' powers, A10.09
Webb v. Webb, 1120.06
Trust records, 1150.08, 2290.06, A30.01
migration to the Cook Islands, 2220.08, 2490.02
protectors, 140.04, 590.01, A10.10, A10.11
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2220.08, 2490.01, 2490.02
Trustee companies, 140.09, 150.04, 1810.06, 1870.01, 430.04, 430.06, 430.09, 440.06, 490.01, 490.08, 710.02, D10.01, D70.02
changing trustee company, 490.07
choosing and monitoring the trustee company, 790.10
definition of trustee company, 1230.05
delegation to a trustee company, 460.04
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.03, 440.01
duty of care standard, 620.05, D50.01, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04, D50.05
exculpation clauses, 1480.09
exoneration clauses, 1480.09, 770.10
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.03, 480.08
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04
firewall provisions, 2340.05
information for the trustee company, 2790.02
lodging through a trustee company, 1230.04
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.03, 2830.07, 440.01
onboarding, 2890.05
registration through a trustee company, 470.03
regulator and a failing trustee company, 790.09
requests for information, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.06, 2730.07, 2730.08
risk-based approach, 2830.07
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2340.05
subsidiaries, delegation and managed, 430.13
suspicious transaction reports, 480.03, 480.08
tax information exchange, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.07, 2730.08
transfer to another trustee company, 470.06
trustee company as gatekeeper, 401.04
trustee company as manager, 1420.05
trustee company as sole trustee, 460.02
trustee company business defined, 430.02
trustee company's own exposure, 490.04, 780.07
value added tax, 2630.10
See also Licensing of trustee companies
Trustee Companies Act 1981–82, 410.01, 530.08, 550.02, 2620.06, 2620.07
firewall provisions, 2040.05, 2330.04, 2330.05, 2330.07, 2340.05, 550.05
operating agreements, 1220.07, 1220.08
purpose trusts, 1070.01, 1070.02
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2040.05, 2330.04, 2330.05, 2330.07, 2340.05, 550.05
Trustee Companies Act 2014, 140.09, 1810.06, 1870.01, 2001.04, 3001.03, D10.01
co-trustees, 710.10
duty of care standard, 620.05, D50.01, D50.02
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.01, 480.03
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, 410.05, 560.07, D50.02
firewall provisions, 2330.07, 2340.05
foundation rules, C20.06, C20.08, C20.13
protectors, 1290.03, 590.01, A10.02, A10.10
reporting entities, 2820.02, 2820.03
Section 13D (foreign judgments), 2330.07, 2340.05
Trustee company requirement, 430.04, 430.06, 430.09, 490.01, 490.08, 1870.01, D10.01, D70.02
changing trustee company, 490.07
choosing and monitoring the trustee company, 790.10
Cook Islands trustee, 570.03
definition of trustee company, 1230.05
delegation to a trustee company, 460.04
directors and officers of licensees, 2830.03
duty of care standard, D50.01, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04, D50.05
exculpation clauses, 1480.09
exoneration clauses, 1480.09, 770.10
Financial Intelligence Unit, 480.08
Financial Transactions Reporting Act 2017, D50.02, D50.03, D50.04
information for the trustee company, 2790.02
lodging through a trustee company, 1230.04
money laundering reporting officer, 2830.03, 2830.07
onboarding, 2890.05
reading the definition today, 1230.06
registration through a trustee company, 470.03
regulator and a failing trustee company, 790.09
requests for information, 2730.01, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.06, 2730.07, 2730.08
risk-based approach, 2830.07
subsidiaries, delegation and managed trustee companies, 430.13
suspicious transaction reports, 480.08
tax information exchange, 2730.02, 2730.03, 2730.04, 2730.05, 2730.07, 2730.08
transfer of domicile, 1290.03
transfer to another trustee company, 470.06
trustee company as gatekeeper, 401.04
trustee company as manager, 1420.05
trustee company as sole trustee, 460.02
trustee company business defined, 430.02
trustee company's own exposure, 490.04, 780.07
value added tax, 2630.10
Trustee indemnity, 790.11
charging orders, 1280.10, 1540.02, 160.04, E40.04
estate inclusion, 2980.05
exclusive remedy, 1540.02, 1540.03
exculpation clauses, 1480.05, 1930.04
exoneration clauses, 1480.05, 770.08, 770.09, 770.10
expatriation, 2980.05
Trustee remuneration, 1090.01, 1490.08, 1910.02, 1990.05, A10.22
appointment, retirement, removal and remuneration, 1910.08
conflicts of interest, 1470.02, 1470.03
enforcers, 1030.09, 1070.06, 1090.02, 1850.06, 1850.12, 1940.01, C20.07
exculpation clauses, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
exoneration clauses, 1930.01, 1930.02, 1930.03, 1930.04, 1930.05, 1930.06
foundation rules, 1850.03, 1850.04, 1850.06, 1850.09, 1850.12, 3080.05, C20.01, C20.07, C20.08, C20.20
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
Trustee-documented trusts, 2790.05
Common Reporting Standard, 2760.02, 2770.05
FATCA, 2750.03, 2750.04, 2770.05, 3090.04, D60.03
foreign financial institutions, 2750.06
no FATCA agreement, 2750.06
Trustees' duties, 750.01, 1001.02, 1920.01, 2460.03, D01.01
duty of care standard, 1320.05, 1450.01, 1450.02, 1450.04, 1450.07, 1920.03
duty of impartiality, 740.01, 740.02
duty of loyalty, 740.01, 740.02
duty to account, 760.01
exculpation clauses, 1480.02, 1480.10, 1930.02
exoneration clauses, 1480.02, 1480.10
operating agreements, 1410.05, 1450.07, B10.08
Trustees' powers, 750.01, 790.11
Section 19 duties and exoneration, 730.06, 750.09, 770.10
trust property, A10.09
Trustee's response to foreign orders, 780.02
Trust-owned LLCs, 3030.01, 3030.02, 3030.03, 3030.06, 3030.07
authority over property, 3030.04
controlled foreign corporations, 2950.05
membership and assignment, 3030.05
United States classification, 3030.08
Trusts registered before 21 November 1996, 590.04
Turnover orders. See Repatriation orders
Two-year limitation
accrual of cause of action, 2030.04, 2140.01, 2140.06, E30.02
exclusive remedy, 2240.08
fraudulent dispositions, 2180.03, E30.04
migration to the Cook Islands, 2140.08, 2220.05, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.07, 2410.07
Section 13B (fraudulent dispositions), 2120.02, 2140.06, 2160.08, 2220.06, 2240.08
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2140.01, 2140.08, 2220.05, 2220.06, 2220.08, 2220.09, 2220.10, 2230.07, 2270.03, 2410.07
Section 16 (deregistration), 2160.08, 2270.03
standard of proof, E30.04
U
Unborn and minor beneficiaries, 1110.04, 1130.02, 1130.05, 1130.07, 1190.02, 1990.02
beneficial interests, 820.03, 820.06
incapable beneficiaries, 1960.08
representation of beneficiaries, 860.05, 880.06
V
Value added tax, 2601.02, 2620.01, 2650.05, 2660.01, 2660.02, 2660.05, 2660.07, 2690.03, 2690.05, 2901.02, E60.01
Belize, 2690.02, E50.03, E60.02
Common Reporting Standard, 2620.09, E60.02
custom and customary law, 2660.06
International companies, 2620.09, 3060.01
non-resident requirement, 2650.08, 2660.04
place of supply, 2660.03
trustee company, 2630.10
Variation by the court, 450.07, 1110.01, 1110.04, 1130.05, 1130.07, 1130.08, 1190.02, 2870.02
administrative powers, 1130.04
Variation of trusts, 1110, 1120, 1130, 1130.02, 1130.05, 1130.07, 1180, 1190, 1190.02, A10.15
accumulation of income, 1120.09
administrative powers, 1130.04
court's jurisdiction, 1130.03
fiduciary relationship, 1120.03
fraud on a power, A20.15
freezing orders, 2430.07
Nevis, 1710.05
Saunders v. Vautier rule, 1130.01
saunders v. Vautier rule, 1130.01
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2430.07
test of detriment, 1130.06
trust deeds, 1120.01, 1120.02, 1120.03, 1120.04, 1120.05, 1120.07, 1120.08, 1120.09, 1120.10, 3070.08
variation by the court, 1130.04, 1130.08
variation clause, 1090.04
vested and contingent interests, 1120.04
Webb v. Webb, 1120.06
See also Decanting
Vested and contingent interests, 550.11, 1110.04, 1170.01, 1190.02
mistake and rescission, 1180.06
spendthrift provisions, 880.04, A10.07
trust deeds, 1120.02, 1120.04, 1120.08, 1120.10
trust property, 1180.06, A10.08
Webb v. Webb, 1120.04, 1120.06
winding up, 1170.07
Video-link hearings
appeals as of right, 330.08
hearings by telephone and video link, 2480.03
Judicature Act 1980–81, 330.08
Voting and consents
co-trustees, 1360.01, 1360.02, 1360.03, 1360.04, 1360.05, 1360.06, 1360.07, 1360.08
deadlock, 1360.07
protectors, 1360.08
written consents, 1360.05
written instrument requirement, 1360.03
W
appeals to the Privy Council, 340.06
control and the foreign court, 2060.03
decanting, 1120.06
discretionary trusts, 830.06, 830.07
duty of impartiality, 740.05
duty of loyalty, 740.05
E v. A (Cook Islands Court of Appeal), 360.05
forced heirship, 2360.05, 670.05
founder's reserved rights, 1950.07
leave to appeal, 340.06
personal-relationship claims, 670.05
protectors, 1950.07
registration of trusts, 950.03
relationship property, 2680.01
Revenue rule, 2680.01
Section 13C (reserved powers), 950.03
three certainties, 810.04
Willful FBAR penalties
FBAR, 2970.05
forms 3520 and 3520-A, 2940.10, 2990.01
passive foreign investment companies, 2970.05
streamlined procedures and remediation, 2990.01, 2990.02, 2990.06
Wills and testamentary gifts, 1640.06
Section 13H (limits on relief), 640.06
succession vehicles, 2010.08
testamentary trusts and powers, 570.06
trust deeds, 640.06
Winding up, 440.10, 1660.01, 1660.03, 1810.04, 1870.09, 1880.11, 2050.04, 2080.08
articles of dissolution, 1660.04
by the High Court, 1880.12
claims against members after distribution, 1660.06
council composition, C20.18
dissolution and liquidation, 1690.07
effect of filing, 1640.07
effect of filing the articles, 1660.05
exculpation clauses, 1930.06, 1930.07
foundation registration, C40.01
foundation rules, C20.18
founder's bankruptcy, 2030.01
International companies, 1660.08
operating agreements, B10.14
order of distribution, 1660.02, 2050.05
personal liability of council members, 1930.07
practical consequences, 1660.09
proceedings in camera, 1880.13
recognition of foreign insolvency, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04, 2250.08, 2370.06
records after dissolution, 1660.07
Registrar's forms (foundations), C40.01, D80.01
Section 13A (bankruptcy of settlor), 2160.06, 2250.01, 2250.02, 2250.03, 2250.04
single-member LLCs, B10.14
supervised liquidation, 1640.08
suspension of LLCs, 1650.01, 1650.07
vested and contingent interests, 1170.07
Withdrawal and resignation, B30.15
charging orders, 1530.08
compelled resignation, 460.08, 790.05
economic and governance rights, 1630.02
enforcers, 1030.02
expulsion of members, 1330.09, 1630.01, 1630.03, 1630.04, 1630.05, 1630.07, 1630.08, 1630.09, 1770.01, 1770.02, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.05, 1770.06, 1770.07, B20.08, B30.22
forfeiture, 1630.06
foundation rules, 1850.05
operating agreements, B10.12, B20.08
Proposed revisions to the LLC Act, 1770.01, 1770.03, 1770.04, 1770.06, 1770.07
redemption of interests, 1530.08, 1630.01, 1630.02, 1630.03, 1630.04, 1630.05, 1630.06, 1630.07, 1630.08, 1630.09
resignation and the resigning member's interest, 1370.09
resignation of the agent, 1260.03
resignation of the registered agent, 1980.07
Section 16 (deregistration), 460.06, 790.04
single-member LLCs, B10.12
transfers, death and withdrawal, 1690.03
Without notice applications, 2290.02, 2490.03
charging orders, 1530.05, 160.04, 2440.04, 2440.05, E40.04
freezing orders, 2230.10, 2430.03, 2430.04, 2430.08, 320.06
LLC Act section 45 (charging orders), 2440.04, 2440.05
migration to the Cook Islands, 2230.07, 2230.09, 2440.01, 2470.02, 2490.02
Section 13K (migrated trusts), 2230.07, 2230.09, 2230.10, 2430.03, 2440.01, 2470.02, 2490.01, 2490.02
Written consents
operating agreements, 1390.04, B10.05, B10.07, B10.08, B10.12