Table of Cases

A

A Trust, In re the, [2012] JRC 169A ¶ 910.09

A v. A, [2007] EWHC 99 (Fam), [2007] 2 FLR 467 ¶ 940.02

Abouloff v. Oppenheimer & Co., (1882) 10 Q.B.D. 295 (C.A.) ¶ 450.02

Adams v. Cape Industries plc, [1990] Ch. 433 (C.A.) ¶ 440.01, 440.03

Albright, In re, 291 B.R. 538 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2003) ¶ 1770.03, 1770.04

Allfrey v. Allfrey, [2015] EWHC 1717 (Ch) ¶ 1240.06, 1240.07, 1240.08

AMG Capital Management, LLC v. FTC, 593 U.S. 67 (2021) ¶ 2630.02, 2680.04

Armitage v. Nurse, [1997] EWCA Civ 1279, [1998] Ch. 241 (C.A.) ¶ 780.05, 780.06, 780.09

Attorney General of Belize v. Zuniga, [2014] CCJ 2 (AJ) ¶ 230.09, 250.04, 260.06, 260.07, 260.09

Attorney General v. Joseph, [2006] CCJ 3 (AJ) ¶ 270.04

Attorney-General of Belize v. British Caribbean Bank Ltd., Civil Appeal Nos. 18, 19 and 21 of 2012 (C.A. Belize) ¶ 210.09

B

Ball's Settlement Trusts, In re, [1968] 1 W.L.R. 899 ¶ 1240.06, 1240.08

Bar Association of Belize v. Attorney General of Belize, [2017] CCJ 4 (AJ) ¶ 210.07, 210.09, 210.10, 240.04, 240.05, 250.04, 260.06, 260.09, 270.01, 270.04, 280.09

Battley v. Mortensen (In re Mortensen), No. A09-00565-DMD, Adv. No. A09-90036-DMD (Bankr. D. Alaska May 26, 2011) ¶ 2650.06

BCB Holdings Ltd. v. Attorney General of Belize, [2013] CCJ 5 (AJ) ¶ 140.03, 250.05, 260.06, 260.09, 410.03, 450.05, 2590.05

Beddoe, In re, [1893] 1 Ch. 547 (C.A.) ¶ 2570.07, 2570.08

Belize Bank Ltd. v. Association of Concerned Belizeans, [2011] UKPC 35 ¶ 250.02

Belize Bank Ltd. v. Attorney General of Belize, [2017] CCJ 18 (AJ) ¶ 250.03, 250.05, 260.06, 260.09, 2590.05

Bird Charitable Trust, In re, 2008 JLR 1 (Jersey) ¶ 920.03, 950.07

Bittner v. United States, 598 U.S. 85 (2023) ¶ 3070.04

BNY Corporate Trustee Services Ltd. v. Eurosail-UK 2007-3BL PLC, [2013] UKSC 28 ¶ 2301.06, 2320.02, 2320.04, 2320.05, 2350.03

Breakspear v. Ackland, [2008] EWHC 220 (Ch), [2009] Ch. 32 ¶ 970.01, 970.06

British Caribbean Bank Ltd. v. Attorney General of Belize, [2013] CCJ 4 (AJ) ¶ 210.07, 210.08, 210.10, 230.09, 260.06, 260.07, 260.09, 280.09, 2550.13

Broad Idea International Ltd. v. Convoy Collateral Ltd.; Convoy Collateral Ltd. v. Cho Kwai Chee, [2021] UKPC 24 ¶ 2501.04, 2550.06, 2550.07, 2550.08, 2560.04

Butterfield Trust (Bermuda) Ltd. v. Watson, [2022] SC (Bda) 92 Civ (Sup. Ct. Bermuda) ¶ 1250.05, 1250.06, 1250.08, 1280.03, 1290.02

C

C v. C, [2015] EWHC 2699 (Ch) ¶ 1240.08

Cambridge Gas Transportation Corp. v. Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Navigator Holdings plc, [2006] UKPC 26 ¶ 440.05

Centre Trustees (C.I.) Ltd. v. Van Rooyen (In re VR Family Trust), [2009] JRC 109 ¶ 920.02

Clayton v. Clayton, [2016] NZSC 29, [2016] 1 NZLR 551 ¶ 940.01, 940.04

ConocoPhillips Petrozuata B.V. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Claim No. 110 of 2025 (H.C. Belize Aug. 12, 2025) ¶ 220.05, 220.06, 270.05, 280.09, 2501.02

Cotton v. Earl of Cardigan, [2014] EWCA Civ 1312 ¶ 2501.04, 2580.01, 2580.03, 2580.04, 2580.05

Curci Investments, LLC v. Baldwin, 14 Cal. App. 5th 214 (2017) ¶ 1650.05, 1650.07, 1680.05, 1680.06

F

Fletcher v. Atex, Inc., 68 F.3d 1451 (2d Cir. 1995) ¶ 1680.01

FTC v. Affordable Media, LLC, 179 F.3d 1228 (9th Cir. 1999) ¶ 930.05, 930.09, 940.01, 940.06, 960.03, 960.04, 960.06, 1170.09, 1570.09, 2640.03, 2640.08, 2680.01, 2680.02, 2690.01, 2750.01, 2750.05, 2750.08, 2790.01, B20.04

FTC v. Pukke, 53 F.4th 80 (4th Cir. 2022) ¶ 2630.02, 2680.03, 2680.04, 2690.01

G

G Trusts, In re the, [2017] SC (Bda) 98 Civ (Sup. Ct. Bermuda) ¶ 1250.06

Gartside v. Inland Revenue Commissioners, [1968] A.C. 553 (H.L.) ¶ 820.04

Godard v. Gray, (1870) L.R. 6 Q.B. 139 ¶ 440.01

Government of India v. Taylor, [1955] A.C. 491 (H.L.) ¶ 450.06

Gracey v. Albawardi, C.A. No. 2024-0394-LWW (Del. Ch. Dec. 13, 2024) ¶ 1650.05

GreenHunter Energy, Inc. v. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc., 2014 WY 144, 337 P.3d 454 ¶ 1650.03

H

Harnack & Fanady, In re Marriage of, 2022 IL App (1st) 210143, 216 N.E.3d 261; 2025 IL App (1st) 240835 ¶ 170.06, 790.06, 880.05, 880.06, 880.09, 1140.04, 1180.08, 2601.02, 2630.02, 2630.04, 2640.04, 2640.06, 2640.08, 2680.08, 2690.01, 2690.06, 2710.05, 2790.01, 2790.03

Hastings-Bass, In re, [1975] Ch. 25 (C.A.) ¶ 770.02, 770.03, 780.06, 1250.06

Higashi v. Brown (In re Brown), 4 A.B.R. 279, 1996 WL 33657614 (Bankr. D. Alaska Mar. 11, 1996) ¶ 160.06, 790.05, 1150.11, 1180.06, 2601.02, 2601.06, 2620.03, 2630.01, 2630.02, 2630.04, 2650.03, 2690.01, 2690.02, 2690.06, 2760.04, 2770.06, 2790.01

Hilton v. Guyot, 159 U.S. 113 (1895) ¶ 2630.02

Hinds v. The Queen, [1977] A.C. 195 (P.C.) ¶ 210.10, 250.04

Huber, In re, 493 B.R. 798 (Bankr. W.D. Wash. 2013) ¶ 2620.02, 2620.05

Huntington v. Attrill, [1893] A.C. 150 (P.C.) ¶ 450.06

I

Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 542 U.S. 241 (2004) ¶ 2670.04

J

JSC Mezhdunarodniy Promyshlenniy Bank v. Pugachev, [2017] EWHC 2426 (Ch) ¶ 901.04, 910.01, 920.04, 920.05, 920.07, 940.01, 940.03, 940.04, 940.07, 950.06, 960.05, 1250.04, 2050.06, B60.02, B60.03

K

Kalb, Voorhis & Co. v. American Financial Corp., 8 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 1993) ¶ 1680.01

Kaycee Land & Livestock v. Flahive, 2002 WY 73, 46 P.3d 323 ¶ 1650.02

Kea Trust Co. v. Pugachev, [2015] NZHC 2412 ¶ 920.04

Knight v. Knight, (1840) 3 Beav. 148, 49 Eng. Rep. 58 ¶ 610.05

L

Lawrence v. Goldberg (In re Lawrence), 279 F.3d 1294 (11th Cir. 2002) ¶ 940.01, 940.06, 960.03, 960.04, 960.06, 1170.09, 1570.09, 2620.05, 2640.04, 2640.06, 2650.03, 2690.01, 2750.01, 2750.05, 2750.08, 2790.01, B20.04

Lehtimäki v. Cooper, [2020] UKSC 33 ¶ 1001.06, 1040.07

Letterstedt v. Broers, (1884) 9 App. Cas. 371 (P.C.) ¶ 720.05

Liyanage v. The Queen, [1967] 1 A.C. 259 (P.C.) ¶ 250.04

Londonderry's Settlement, In re, [1965] Ch. 918 (C.A.) ¶ 850.06, 2060.10

M

Macaura v. Northern Assurance Co., [1925] A.C. 619 (H.L.) ¶ 1660.03

Mackason's Appeal, 42 Pa. 330 (1862) ¶ 2360.02

Manichaean Capital, LLC v. Exela Technologies, Inc., 251 A.3d 694 (Del. Ch. 2021) ¶ 1650.05, 1650.07

Marine Midland Bank v. Portnoy (In re Portnoy), 201 B.R. 685 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1996) ¶ 2650.07

Maya Leaders Alliance v. Attorney General of Belize, [2015] CCJ 15 (AJ) ¶ 260.06, 260.08, 260.09

McLiberty v. Corozal Free Zone Development, Action No. 302 of 1999 (Sup. Ct. Belize Mar. 17, 2000) ¶ 180.04, 1150.06, 1160.02, 2310.03

Mehdipour v. Rensin (In re Rensin), 600 B.R. 870 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 2019) ¶ 170.05, 420.07, 420.08, 490.01, 490.06, 550.08, 740.07, 790.03, 790.04, 790.05, 790.09, 880.09, 1120.05, 1130.09, 1170.10, 1180.06, 1180.07, 1180.08, 1190.04, 1260.06, 1260.08, 2170.03, 2370.05, 2570.06, 2601.02, 2601.06, 2610.04, 2610.06, 2610.07, 2620.04, 2620.05, 2620.08, 2630.02, 2630.04, 2640.08, 2650.03, 2660.02, 2680.01, 2680.07, 2680.08, 2690.01, 2690.06, 2730.06, 2750.06, 2760.04, 2790.01, 2790.03, B50.03, E30.04

Mercedes Benz AG v. Leiduck, [1996] A.C. 284 (P.C.) ¶ 2550.08

Milroy v. Lord, (1862) 4 De G. F. & J. 264, 45 Eng. Rep. 1185 ¶ 640.04

N

NetJets Aviation, Inc. v. LHC Communications, LLC, 537 F.3d 168 (2d Cir. 2008) ¶ 1650.02, 1650.07

O

Old Colony Trust Co. v. Commissioner, 279 U.S. 716 (1929) ¶ 1760.05

Olmstead v. FTC, 44 So. 3d 76 (Fla. 2010) ¶ 1650.06, 1680.06, 1730.03, 1730.05, 1780.01, 2660.06

Owens Bank Ltd. v. Bracco, [1992] 2 A.C. 443 (H.L.) ¶ 440.01, 440.04, 450.02

P

Pitt v. Holt; Futter v. Futter, [2013] UKSC 26 ¶ 220.08, 701.06, 770.02, 770.03, 770.04, 770.05, 780.06

Prest v. Petrodel Resources Ltd., [2013] UKSC 34 ¶ 1650.08, 1660.03, 1660.04, 1660.08, 1690.02

Public Trustee v. Cooper, [2001] WTLR 901 ¶ 2580.01, 2580.03

R

Richard v. Mackay, (1987) 11 Tru. L.I. 23, [2008] WTLR 1667 ¶ 2580.04

Roberson v. Belize Freight & Trade Services Ltd., Action No. 187 of 1982 (Sup. Ct. Belize 2000) ¶ 1160.02

Roome v. Edwards, [1982] A.C. 279 (H.L.) ¶ 1240.06, 1240.07, 1250.06, 1280.03, 1290.02

Rose, In re, [1952] Ch. 499 (C.A.) ¶ 640.04

Rubin v. Eurofinance SA; New Cap Reinsurance Corp. v. Grant, [2012] UKSC 46 ¶ 410.02, 440.01, 440.03, 440.04, 440.05, 440.06, 470.01, 2660.03

S

Salomon v. A Salomon & Co., [1897] A.C. 22 (H.L.) ¶ 1650.08

Sanctuary Belize Litigation, In re, 482 F. Supp. 3d 373 (D. Md. 2020), aff'd in part, vacated in part sub nom. FTC v. Pukke, 53 F.4th 80 (4th Cir. 2022) ¶ 2630.02, 2630.04, 2630.06, 2680.01, 2680.03, 2680.04, 2690.01, 2690.02

Saunders v. Vautier, (1841) Cr. & Ph. 240, 41 Eng. Rep. 482 ¶ 550.03, 860.05

Schmidt v. Rosewood Trust Ltd., [2003] UKPC 26, [2003] 2 A.C. 709 ¶ 250.05, 750.06, 750.11, 801.06, 820.04, 850.04, 850.06, 850.07, 970.06, 2060.11, B70.02

SEC v. Ballesteros Franco, 253 F. Supp. 2d 720 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) ¶ 970.07, 2670.02

SEC v. Bilzerian, 112 F. Supp. 2d 12 (D.D.C. 2000) ¶ 2640.04, 2680.01

SEC v. Brennan, 230 F.3d 65 (2d Cir. 2000) ¶ 950.04

SEC v. Solow, 682 F. Supp. 2d 1312 (S.D. Fla. 2010), aff'd, 396 F. App'x 635 (11th Cir. 2010) ¶ 960.04, 2640.04, 2680.01, 2690.01

Shalson v. Russo, [2003] EWHC 1637 (Ch), [2005] Ch. 281 ¶ 940.02

Siskina, The, [1979] A.C. 210 (H.L.) ¶ 2550.08

Sky Cable, LLC v. DIRECTV, Inc., 886 F.3d 375 (4th Cir. 2018) ¶ 1650.04, 1650.07

Snook v. London & West Riding Investments Ltd., [1967] 2 Q.B. 786 (C.A.) ¶ 940.02

Solomons v. Ross, (1764) 1 H. Bl. 131n ¶ 470.01

Swires v. Renton, [1991] STC 490 ¶ 1240.06, 1240.07

T

T. Choithram International SA v. Pagarani, [2001] 1 W.L.R. 1 (P.C.) ¶ 640.04

Tasarruf Mevduati Sigorta Fonu v. Merrill Lynch Bank & Trust Co. (Cayman) Ltd., [2011] UKPC 17, [2012] 1 W.L.R. 1721 ¶ 610.09, 630.07, 630.08, 690.07, 690.10, 901.05, 930.03, 930.09, 940.05, 1170.06

Triffitt's Settlement, In re, [1958] Ch. 852 ¶ 630.07

T's Settlement Trusts, In re, [1964] Ch. 158 ¶ 1240.06

Twyne's Case, (1601) 3 Co. Rep. 80b, 76 Eng. Rep. 809 (Star Chamber) ¶ 2310.02

U

United States v. Grant, No. 00-08986-CIV (S.D. Fla.) ¶ 930.09, 950.05, 960.04, 2640.05, 2640.08, 2680.01, 2680.05, 2690.01

United States v. Rylander, 460 U.S. 752 (1983) ¶ 960.03, 2640.03

V

Valente v. The Queen, [1985] 2 S.C.R. 673 (Can.) ¶ 240.05

W

Wallace v. Wood, 752 A.2d 1175 (Del. Ch. 1999) ¶ 1650.02, 1650.07

Webb v. Webb, [2020] UKPC 22 ¶ 610.06, 610.07, 610.08, 610.09, 630.06, 630.08, 690.07, 690.10, 901.05, 930.04, 930.09, 940.01, 940.04, 940.05, 940.07, 1170.06

Weston's Settlements, In re, [1969] 1 Ch. 223 (C.A.) ¶ 1240.03

Williams v. Jones, (1845) 13 M. & W. 628 ¶ 440.01

Windeatt's Will Trusts, In re, [1969] 1 W.L.R. 692 (Ch.) ¶ 1250.06

X

X v. A, [2006] 1 W.L.R. 741 ¶ 2580.04

Y

Yoder v. Honeywell Inc., 104 F.3d 1215 (10th Cir. 1997) ¶ 1680.01

Z

ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd., 596 U.S. 619 (2022) ¶ 2670.04